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Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) will be used in this study to functions of the cerebellum in human motor learning. Participants will complete a visuomotor task while receiving stimulation pulses from tFUS. How tFUS stimulation influencing the acquisition and retention of motor memory will be assessed based on group comparison of behavioral measures such as reaching accuracy.
The purpose of this study is to test functions of the cerebellum in human motor learning. The cerebellum has been thought to play critical roles in human motor control and motor learning. Non-invasive brain stimulation studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provided evidence for the involvement of the cerebellum in human motor learning. However, due to limitations in spatial resolution of tDCS and TMS stimulation, it is still unclear what specific functions the cerebellum may have in motor learning, considering the behavioral and anatomical evidence that the cerebellum also has connections with prefrontal cortex and is associated with cognitive functions. By applying transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), which is a non-invasive brain stimulation technology with great spatial precision, the investigators aim to dissect functions of motor area and non-motor area of the cerebellum in motor learning. Young healthy adults will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. During learning to adapt to a visual rotation (45 degrees) when reaching for a virtual target, subjects will receive tFUS stimulation over motor area of the cerebellum or non-motor area of the cerebellum depending on the study group. How tFUS stimulation influencing the acquisition and retention of motor memory will be assessed based on group comparison of behavioral measures such as reaching accuracy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Right Motor Area Cerebellum | Experimental | Participants will receive Focused Ultrasound stimulation to motor area of the right cerebellum prior to completing a motor learning task. |
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| Non-Motor Area Cerebellum | Experimental | Participants will receive Focused Ultrasound stimulation to a non-motor area of the right cerebellum prior to completing a motor learning task. |
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| Control | Sham Comparator | Participants will have the Focused Ultrasound transducer placed on their neck without stimulation as a Sham present prior to completing a motor learning task. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Focused Ultrasound | Other | Low intensity focused ultrasound is sound energy stimulation at a low intensity of 1-30 W/cm2 |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Performance Error on Visuomotor Task | The visuomotor task has practice, baseline, and experimental trials. Performance on the task will be compared between groups. | baseline, immediately after FUS, and 30 minutes after FUS |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Motor Evoked Potentials (MEP) | MEPs will be taken at baseline and throughout the task to assess effects ultrasound stimulation has on MEPs. | baseline, immediately after FUS, 10 minutes after FUS, and 20 minutes after FUS |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarah Adams | Contact | 434-243-4319 | neuromodlab@hscmail.mcc.virginia.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wynn Legon, PhD | University of Virginia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Virginia | Recruiting | Charlottesville | Virginia | 22903 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C005703 | salicylhydroxamic acid |
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Participants will be blinded to what group they are assigned to
| Sham | Other | The investigators will simulate focused ultrasound stimulation similar to the experimental groups but without stimulation. |
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