Evaluation of Extubation Criteria in Children With Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

A Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Extubation Criteria in Children Less Than 8 Years of Age With Upper Respiratory Infection Undergoing Outpatient or Day Hospital Based Surgery

The investigators are currently completing a data collection to try to optimize pediatric patients' preoperative screening, in the setting of an upper respiratory infection.

The objectives of this study are to evaluate various extubation criteria and their predictive value for successful extubation in non-cardiac surgical procedures. To evaluate the predictive value of room air oxygen and an original preoperative URI questionnaire in pediatric patients with URI or URI symptoms.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All study participants must be undergoing general anesthesia and surgery with an endotracheal tube
• The URI group will be participants with a score of at least 3 on our pre-operative URI survey, with planned airway instrumentation with an endotracheal tube (ETT) for their surgical procedure who are to be discharged same day or on postoperative day 1.
• The non URI group will be participants undergoing elective procedures with no URI symptom or recent URI. Defined as no URI or "allergy" symptom within the past 6 weeks and a score of 1 or less on the URI survey, with planned airway instrumentation with an ETT for their surgical procedure who are to be discharged same day or on postoperative day 1.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of home oxygen use or ventilator dependence,
• Patients undergoing emergent procedures.
• Patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
• Patients receiving a surgical procedure where the duration of post procedure
• admission is anticipated to be greater or equal to 2 postoperative days.
• Patients undergoing anesthesia for imaging procedures alone.
• Patients who are extubated deep intentionally.
• Patients intended to be managed with supraglottic airway.
• Patients undergoing total IV anaesthesia (TIVA).