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The overall objective of this study is to examine how dietary sodium is used by the body. In a racially diverse sample of adults, the investigators will examine the effects of high and low dietary sodium intake on the storage and excretion of sodium and determine whether sodium distribution affects blood pressure. This has implications for how investigators interpret studies that use urine biomarkers of sodium. Study findings about tissue sodium storage also have implications for managing hypertension and related conditions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-low dietary sodium | Experimental | High sodium diet (3400 mg/day) feeding period followed by low sodium diet (2300 mg/day) feeding period |
|
| Low-high dietary sodium | Experimental | Low sodium diet (2300 mg/day) feeding period followed by high sodium diet (3400 mg/day) feeding period |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High dietary sodium intake | Other | Fourteen day feeding period of high dietary sodium (3400 mg/day) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Estimated sodium concentration in skin and muscle | The concentration of sodium in skin and muscle will be measured, and the difference in concentrations resulting from high versus low sodium intakes will be calculated. Skin and muscle sodium stores will be non-invasively quantified using 23sodium-magnetic resonance imaging (23Na-MRI). | 60 days |
| Estimated sodium concentration in bone | The concentration of sodium in bone will be measured, and the difference in concentrations resulting from high versus low sodium intakes will be calculated. Sodium storage in bone will be measured non-invasively using in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) technology to quantify the concentration of Na in the hand. | 60 days |
| Concentration of sodium, potassium, and hormone regulators in excreted urine | Urinary concentration of sodium, potassium, and hormones (renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, free cortisol, free cortisone, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid) will be measured and variation over time will be calculated. | 60 days |
| Blood pressure | Blood pressure under high versus low dietary sodium conditions will be measured. | 60 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Racial differences in concentrations of sodium in skin, muscle and bone | Blacks/African Americans mean sodium concentrations versus the average of the means of each of the other racial/ethnic groups will be examined. | 60 days |
| Racial differences in concentration of urinary potassium excretion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cheryl A Anderson, PhD | University of California, San Diego | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, San Diego | San Diego | California | 92093 | United States |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Main consent form | Jul 17, 2024 | Nov 15, 2024 | ICF_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Screening consent form | Sep 21, 2022 | Nov 15, 2024 | ICF_001.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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Dietary intervention consisting of two 25-day feeding periods separated by a 10-day washout.
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Throughout data collection, study data collectors and the study coordinator will remain blinded to participants' exposure group.
| Low dietary sodium intake | Other | Fourteen day feeding period of low dietary sodium (2300 mg/day) |
|
The concentration of potassium excreted in urine will be compared between Blacks/African Americans versus the pooled sample of other racial/ethnic groups. |
| 60 days |