Effects of Aging and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Vascular Endothelial Function and Metabolic Profiles in Transgender Women

Novel Evaluations of Aging and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Vascular Endothelial Function and Metabolic Profiles in Transgender Women Compared to Age Group-Matched Cisgender Adults

This study will examine markers of vascular endothelial function (vascular health) and metabolic profiles in younger versus older transgender women (people who were assigned male at birth but whose gender identity is female). Data will also be compared to those from cisgender women and men.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18-40 years old or 50-75 years old
• Identify as a transgender woman
• Have taken estradiol and spironolactone for at least one year
• Currently taking oral or transdermal estradiol

Exclusion Criteria:

• Don't identify as a transgender woman
• Not currently taking estradiol or spironolactone
• Have been on estradiol and spironolactone for less than one year
• History of orchiectomy
• Current tobacco smoker
• Current illicit drug use
• History of prior or active estrogen-dependent neoplasms
• Acute liver or gallbladder disease
• Venous thromboembolism
• Hypertriglyceridemia >500 mg/dL
• Fasted plasma glucose >7.0 mmol/L or previously treated diabetes
• Resting blood pressure >140/90 mmHg