Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With and Without Enhanced Mindfulness Training for Chronic Pain

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With and Without Enhanced Mindfulness Training for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Efficacy and Mediator Study

As non-pharmacological alternatives, psychosocial treatments have been recommended for chronic pain management. One such treatment is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT is a cognitive behavior therapy based on Relational Frame Theory, a comprehensive theory about language and cognition. This treatment intends to help patients identify values ("what is truly meaningful to them") and to set goals and take action according to their values. ACT has research support in the treatment of several mental health problems. Moreover patients are taught mindfulness skills to increase acceptance of pain, thoughts and feelings so that these will have less impact on functioning and action. Among patients with chronic pain, several small clinical trials have shown that ACT is more effective than other treatments in terms of increasing function and improving mental health. ACT in combination with mindfulness training has not been tested so far. Further methodologically robust trials are required. This study will therefore examine whether ACT is more effective for chronic pain than an education program, and whether adding daily mindfulness training will improve the outcome, in a large sample of patients from four multidisciplinary pain centers.

Inclusion Criteria:

• referred to one of the pain clinics in Oslo (200), Trondheim (200), Bergen (100) or Tromsø (100)
• primary diagnosis of chronic pain lasting for at least 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe somatic disease
• severe mental disorder (ongoing mania, psychosis, suicidal ideation, substance abuse/addiction
• not able to communicate in Norwegian
• needing 24-hour personal assistance