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The aim of this study was to investigate if guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)would help chronic pain patients.
The present study investigates internet-delivered ACT for persons with chronic pain. The use of internet as a delivery format for interventions could be a way of overcome many barriers (financial obstacles, reluctance to seek treatment and paucity of clinicians trained in ACT) that hinder persons with chronic pain to seek or receive adequate help. Persons were randomized to either treatment for 7 weeks or to a control group who were invited to participate in a moderated online discussion forum. Follow up data was collected six months after the treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet delivered ACT | Experimental | Internet delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), 7 weeks treatment |
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| Online discussion forum | Active Comparator | Active wait-list condition. Were offered to participate in a moderated online discussion forum. After post-treatment assessment the control group were offered treatment. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy | Behavioral | The treatment program consisted of seven sections and was based on ACT.The first part was about creative hopelessness and was followed in the next section by an introduction to willingness and to the process of acceptance of pain. Information and assignments about committed action and values were also part of the treatment program. Mindfulness exercises were a regular feature in the program. The last part was about how to maintain learned strategies but also an evaluation of the program. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) | CPAQ consists of 20 items divided into two subscales: activity engagement and pain willingness. Items are rated on a scale from 0 (never true) to 6 (always true). Higher scores denote greater activity engagement and pain willingness. Studies show acceptable reliability (α =.72-.92). | One week pre- and post-treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) | HADS contains 14 items and evaluates severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety without contamination of scores of physical symptomatology. | One week pre- and post- treatment |
| The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gerhard Andersson, Professor | Linkoeping University | Study Director |
| Monica Buhrman, MSc | Uppsala University | Principal Investigator |
| Timo Hursti, PhD | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Torsten Gordh, Professor | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Tomas Furmark, Professor | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Astrid Skoglund, MSc | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Josefin Husell, MSc | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Kristina Bergström, MSc | Uppsala University | Study Chair |
| Nina Bendelin, MSc | Linkoeping University | Study Chair |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32252707 | Derived | Bendelin N, Bjorkdahl P, Risell M, Nelson KZ, Gerdle B, Andersson G, Buhrman M. Patients' experiences of internet-based Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020 Apr 6;21(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03198-1. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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The CSQ contains 50 items divided into eight scales measuring different cognitive and behavioural coping strategies and has been widely used by chronic pain patients. The coping strategies scales are: diverting attention, re-interpreting pain sensations, coping self-statements, ignoring sensations, praying and hoping, catastrophizing and increased behavioral activities |
| One week pre- and post- treatment |
| Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S) | The Swedish version of MPI (MPI-S) consists of 34 items divided into 8 scales. The first section addresses: Pain Severity, Interference, Life Control, Affective Distress and Support. The second section addresses the patient's perception of how significant others respond to their displays of pain: Punishing Responses, Solicitous Responses and Distracting Responses. | One week pre- and post- treatment |
| The Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (PAIRS) | PAIRS assess beliefs and attitudes associated with the experience of chronic pain and one's ability to function despite pain. It consists of 15 personal statements that reflect thoughts, attitudes and opinions about pain. | One week pre- and post- treatment |
| Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) | QOLI consists of 32 items for assessing life satisfaction. The assessment yields an overall score and profile in 16 areas of life; health, self-esteem, goals and values, money, work, play, learning, creativity, helping, love, friends, children, relatives, home, neighborhood, and community. | One week pre- and post- treatment |