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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive and neuromuscular training on landing errors and balance of the football players. This was randomized controlled trial in which 40 football players were randomly allocated into experimental and control group. The control group followed conventional exercise plan while experimental group players were being trained under Myklebust's training program. Data were collected at baseline and after follow-up of five weeks Landing Error Score System (LESS) and Biodex Single Leg Stability (SLS) score. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)-21.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a severe public health issue from both an economic and general wellness view. This burden will be reduced by promoting compliance and the use of injury prevention programs. To reduce injury rates, trainers, athletes, parents, and the team of sports medicine need to know the advantages of injury prevention programs. Parents and employees in sports medicine want a program that can decrease the risk of injury. Coaches and athletes are looking for a program that will also increase athletic efficiency without taking time off exercise, time that would otherwise be spent honing sport-specific abilities. Injury prevention programs in youth athletics will promote neuromuscular enhancements and create appropriate long-term techniques while instantly preparing the athlete for competition.
Various studies have been done to assess the role of proprioceptive and neuromuscular exercises on reducing incidence of ACL injury. No conclusive result has been established as yet that these type of exercises really reduce the incidence of ACL injury or not. However, it is found that by performing certain exercises there is improvement in biomechanics of jump landing as predicted by LESS score which is a reliable tool to establish risk of ACL and other lower limb injury in an athlete. Therefore the investigators have used a lower limb injury prevention program to assess its effectiveness in reducing LESS score.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training | Experimental | Myklebust's training program |
|
| Conventional Training | Active Comparator | Running, Sprints, Agility training, and Dynamic stretching |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training | Other | Myklebust's training program (floor exercises, mat exercises, and wobble board exercises for 5 weeks) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Landing Error Score System (LESS) | Changes for the baseline, there are 17 items in LESS. Maximum possible score is 19 which show very poor mechanics and score of 5 and less than 5 are considered good to excellent. | 5th week |
| Single Leg Stability | Measures were obtained from 20-sec trials during which participants were asked to maintain an upright standing position on their dominant limb on the unstable surface of the Biodex Stability and Balance System.Its reliability is R = .94 | 5th week |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Unavailability of the female athletes in our setting
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Asghar Khan, DSc (PT) | Riphah International university, Islamabad | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Riphah International University | Islamabad | Federal | 44000 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22227777 | Background | Franklin CC, Weiss JM. Stopping sports injuries in kids: an overview of the last year in publications. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Feb;24(1):64-7. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32834ec618. | |
| 10699129 | Background | Injuries in youth soccer: a subject review. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Pediatrics. 2000 Mar;105(3 Pt 1):659-61. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| Conventional Training | Other | Running, Sprinting, Agility training and Dynamic stretching for five weeks |
|
| 21293241 | Background | Nettle H, Sprogis E. Pediatric exercise: truth and/or consequences. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011 Mar;19(1):75-80. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e318209cf2b. |
| 21293236 | Background | Schub D, Saluan P. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the young athlete: evaluation and treatment. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2011 Mar;19(1):34-43. doi: 10.1097/JSA.0b013e31820b960d. |
| 22018324 | Background | Hill DE, Andrews JR. Stopping sports injuries in young athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2011 Oct;30(4):841-9. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2011.07.003. No abstract available. |
| 21068572 | Background | DiFiori JP. Evaluation of overuse injuries in children and adolescents. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Nov-Dec;9(6):372-8. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181fdba58. |
| 17092927 | Background | Leininger RE, Knox CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of 1.6 million pediatric soccer-related injuries presenting to US emergency departments from 1990 to 2003. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Feb;35(2):288-93. doi: 10.1177/0363546506294060. Epub 2006 Nov 7. |
| 18056320 | Background | Knowles SB, Marshall SW, Miller T, Spicer R, Bowling JM, Loomis D, Millikan RW, Yang J, Mueller FO. Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes. Inj Prev. 2007 Dec;13(6):416-21. doi: 10.1136/ip.2006.014720. |
| 21655382 | Background | Hewett TE, Ford KR, Hoogenboom BJ, Myer GD. Understanding and preventing acl injuries: current biomechanical and epidemiologic considerations - update 2010. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Dec;5(4):234-51. |
| 21836172 | Background | Carter CW, Micheli LJ. Training the child athlete: physical fitness, health and injury. Br J Sports Med. 2011 Sep;45(11):880-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090201. |