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This study aimed to investigate the effects of compensatory cognitive training plus treatment as usual (CCT+TAU) versus treatment as usual (TAU) on on self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and self-stigma for schizophrenia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCT+TAU group | Experimental | The participants in CCT+TAU group received compensatory cognitive training plus treatment as usual. The CCT intervention consisted of two 50-minute sessions each week for 10 weeks |
|
| TAU group | No Intervention | The participants in TAU group received usual treatment at the same time as CCT+TAU group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compensatory Cognitive Training | Behavioral | Teach the participants compensatory cognitive skills and strategies |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change scores of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) | The Chinese version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was implemented as self-esteem measures. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-esteem. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention |
| Change scores of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) | The Chinese version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) consisted of 10 items, assessing optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. The total score ranged from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention |
| Change scores of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) | The Chinese version of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4) was administered to measure subjective quality of life. The total scores ranged from 33-165, with higher scores indicating comparatively lower quality of life. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention |
| Change scores of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) | The Chinese version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMIS) consists of 29 items incorporated in five domains: alienation, stereotype endorsement, discrimination experience, social withdrawal, and stigma resistance. The total scores range from 29-116. The higher scores on the ISMIS indicates more severe internalized stigmatization. | 3 times: 1 to 2 weeks before intervention, 1 day after intervention and at 1 month after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taoyuan Psychiatric Center Ministry of Health and Welfare | Taoyuan | 330 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012559 | Schizophrenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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