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Covid-19 Pandemic prevented this study from beginning
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada | OTHER |
| Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research | OTHER |
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This study examines the combined effects of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), antioxidant supplementation, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on the lowering of 24-hour blood pressure in persons with moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). All participants will undergo CPAP therapy as prescribed by their doctor; however, half of the participants will receive the combined ARB and antioxidant treatment while the other half of the participants will receive a placebo.
OSA is a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive collapses (apneas) or partial collapses (hypopneas) of the upper airway. These airway obstructions result in intermittent reductions in arterial oxygen saturation (hypoxia), which causes a reflexive increase in sympathetic activation and systemic vasoconstriction. Resumption of breathing results in transient surges in blood pressure (BP) that can reach as high as 240/130 mm/Hg.
OSA effects up to 24% of the adult population and evidence suggests a causal relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. While the exact mechanisms are unknown, data from animal and human models suggest that exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular comorbidity. Persons with OSA exhibit increased daytime sympathetic activity, markers of oxidative stress, and vasoactive hormones, particularly angiotensin II, that contribute to systemic vasoconstriction. These factors contribute to early endothelial dysfunction and contribute to sustained elevations in BP.
While CPAP is the gold standard OSA treatment, adherence rates are low and evidence suggests that treatment does not reduce the rates of CVD in large population-based studies.
Telmisartan is a receptor blocker for angiotensin II and not only has BP lowering effects, but also has unique anti-inflammatory properties and beneficial influences on endothelial function. The addition of an antioxidant supplement may increase the reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and, in combination with ARB treatment, may provide more robust effects on BP in persons with OSA.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Treatment | Experimental | Subjects will be given 80 mg/day Telmisartan + 600 mg/day Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Subjects will also be prescribed CPAP therapy by their physician. Subjects will be instructed to use their CPAP device according to their physician's guidelines. |
|
| Placebo Control | Placebo Comparator | Subjects will be given placebo capsules. Subjects will also be prescribed CPAP therapy by their physician. Subjects will be instructed to use their CPAP device according to their physician's guidelines. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure CPAP | Device | All subjects will be advised to use their continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in accordance to their physician's guidelines. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in 24-hour blood pressure | Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | Change from baseline of 24-hour systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure at 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21504246 | Background | Frampton JE. Telmisartan: a review of its use in cardiovascular disease prevention. Drugs. 2011 Apr 16;71(6):651-77. doi: 10.2165/11206710-000000000-00000. | |
| 29036393 | Background | Khayat RN, Varadharaj S, Porter K, Sow A, Jarjoura D, Gavrilin MA, Zweier JL. Angiotensin Receptor Expression and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am J Hypertens. 2018 Feb 9;31(3):355-361. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpx174. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020181 | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012891 | Sleep Apnea Syndromes |
| D001049 | Apnea |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D045422 | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| D000077333 | Telmisartan |
| D008063 | Thioctic Acid |
| C109691 | microcrystalline cellulose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011175 | Positive-Pressure Respiration |
| D012121 | Respiration, Artificial |
| D058109 | Airway Management |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Telmisartan 80mg | Drug | Subjects in this group will receive 80mg/day of Telmisartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker). Treatments will be administered in pre-packaged blister packages. Subjects will take Telmisartan once per day for 6 weeks. |
|
| Alpha-Lipoic Acid 600mg | Dietary Supplement | Subjects in this group will receive 600mg/day of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (an antioxidant). Treatments will be administered in pre-packaged blister packages. Subjects will take Alpha-Lipoic Acid once per day for 6 weeks. |
|
| Microcrystalline Cellulose | Other | Subjects in this group will receive two capsules of Microcrystalline Cellulose (placebo). Treatments will be administered in pre-packaged blister packages. Subjects will take placebo pills once per day for 6 weeks. |
|
| 18807180 | Background | Khayat R, Patt B, Hayes D Jr. Obstructive sleep apnea: the new cardiovascular disease. Part I: Obstructive sleep apnea and the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Heart Fail Rev. 2009 Sep;14(3):143-53. doi: 10.1007/s10741-008-9112-z. Epub 2008 Sep 20. |
| 27542595 | Background | Rotenberg BW, Murariu D, Pang KP. Trends in CPAP adherence over twenty years of data collection: a flattened curve. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Aug 19;45(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s40463-016-0156-0. |
| 20522795 | Background | Pepin JL, Tamisier R, Barone-Rochette G, Launois SH, Levy P, Baguet JP. Comparison of continuous positive airway pressure and valsartan in hypertensive patients with sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Oct 1;182(7):954-60. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1803OC. Epub 2010 Jun 3. |
| D020919 |
| Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012138 |
| Respiratory Therapy |
| D001713 | Biphenyl Compounds |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D001562 | Benzimidazoles |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D013876 | Thiophenes |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D003067 | Coenzymes |
| D045762 | Enzymes and Coenzymes |
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D008055 | Lipids |