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Elderly are supplemented with either Omega-3 (3 x 1.1g per day) or placebo (corn oil) during 14 weeks. The last 12 weeks, supplementation is combined with resistance exercise training (3x per week) focusing on upper leg strength. In the present project, the investigators study whether differences in muscle strength and/or muscle mass between conditions can be explained by omega-3-induced effects on systemic or muscle inflammatory signaling, or differences in muscle molecular signaling.
Elderly are supplemented with either Omega-3 (3 x 1.1g per day) or placebo (corn oil) during 14 weeks. The last 12 weeks, supplementation is combined with resistance exercise training (3x per week) focusing on upper leg strength. In the present project, the investigators study whether differences in muscle strength and/or muscle mass between conditions can be explained by omega-3-induced effects on systemic or muscle inflammatory signaling, or differences in muscle molecular signaling.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 | Experimental | Elderly supplemented with omega-3. |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Elderly supplemented with corn oil. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation | Dietary Supplement | Daily supplementation with omega-3 capsules (daily for 14 weeks). Each day: 3 capsules of 1.1g |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Isometric muscle strength | Isometric muscle strength as assessed with Biodex Device in Nm | Change in muscle strength between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Systemic inflammatory signaling | Systemic (blood) markers of inflammation: hs-CRP (mg/L), IL-6 (pg/mL), TNFa (pg/mL) | Change in inflammatory signaling between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Muscle strength | One Repetition Maximum on the leg press fitness device in kg | Change in muscle strength between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle quality | muscle strength (Torque) per muscle volume | Change in muscle quality between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Muscle molecular signaling (Protein levels of anabolic/catabolic signaling and skeletal muscle stress) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Handgrip strength | Handgrip strength measured by a dynamometer (results in kg) | Change in handgrip strength between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Timed up-and-go test |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KU Leuven | Leuven | 3001 | Belgium |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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Elderly humans (>65y) are randomized to a placebo or omega-3 group (interventions, tests, analyses etc. are executed in parallel).
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Subjects are a priori randomized to one of both conditions. Both groups undergo an identical intervention, but receive different supplements (although appearance-matched). The investigators do not know in which condition the subjects are randomized. One researcher, who is not involved in the intervention/data collection/data analyses, holds the code.
| Resistance exercise | Other | Resistance exercise training in both supplementation conditions (3 times per week for 12 weeks). |
|
| Placebo - appearance-matched oil supplementation | Dietary Supplement | Daily supplementation with placebo capsules (daily for 14 weeks). Each day: 3 capsules of 1.1g |
|
Biochemical analyses of muscle biopsies obtained pre-post intervention in both conditions. This involves parameters of muscle anabolism, catabolism, stress, structure, integrity, quality etc.: mTORC1 pathway, FoXO, MAPK (western blotting technique, values expressed as arbitrary units) |
| Change in muscle molecular signaling between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
Timed-up-and-go: time needed to stand up from a chair, walk 3m, turn, walk back and sit down.
| Change in timed up-and-go test performance between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Sit-to-stand test | Sit-to-stand: the amount of repetitions that one can complete during 30 sec and the time needed to complete 5 sit-to-stands. | Change in sit-to-stand test performance between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Fat% | Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived fat % | Change in fat% between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Lean mass% | Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived lean mass % | Change in lean mass% between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Basal metabolic rate | Bioelectrical impedance analysis-basal metabolic rate (kcal) | Change in basal metabolic rate between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Muscle Volume Left | Muscle Volume in a 2-cm CT-scan slice (4 slices of 5mm) | Change in muscle volume between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Mean Muscle Hounsfield Unit | Muscle Hounsfield Unit serves as a marker of muscle quality | Change in Mean Muscle Hounsfield Unit between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Sleep | Questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) | Change in sleep quality between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| Stress | Questionnaire (Perceived Stress Scale) | Change inperceived stress between prior to and following the study intervention of 14 weeks (Jan - May 2019) |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |