In the present study, midazolam and palonosetron in combination were more effective than palonosetron alone in lowering the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the initial 2 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperative clinical complications were not different in both groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The patients (aged 20 to 65 years) scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of 1 or 2

Exclusion Criteria:

• The patients with a history of allergy to any other drugs used in this study, gastrointestinal disorder, previous PONV, pregnant woman, breastfeeding woman, use of antiemetics within 24 hours or body mass index > 30 kg/m2