Postoperative pain remains relatively high within 48h for Chinese patients who receive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Different patients experience different pain intensity. This suggests that there may be genetic variants that make some patients susceptible to analgesic failure. Using blood samples from patients, the investigators are going to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that are known to be involved in analgesic failure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≤ 70 and Age ≥18
• Selective operation lung section with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
• III ≥ American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (ASA classification) ≥I
• Patients informed and agreed to join the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Abnormal function of liver and kidney
• Allergic- dependence history of alcohol, opioids and Local anesthetics
• No noncompliance
• Mental disease history，language communication disorder，cicatricial diathesis
• Underweight or overweight（BMI<18 or >30)
• Patients not suitable for clinical subjects for other reasons
• Sedatives, analgesics, antiemetic drugs and anti pruritus drugs were used within 24hours before the operation.
• History of previous abnormal anaesthesia
• Women during pregnancy or lactation

Patients receiving single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.