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The best opioid for bronchoscopy is still unclear.This randomized double-blind prospective study was conducted on a total of 60 patients who were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Group S received sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg, Group F received fentanyl 1 mcg/kg and Group R received remifentanil target-controlled infusion with effect-site target concentration of 1ng/ml. Patients in all groups received midazolam to achieve moderate levels of sedation as assessed by the Narcotrend (NT; between B1 and C2). Adverse events, patient tolerance and physician satisfaction were analized.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sufentanil | Experimental | Group S received sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg and midazolam to achieve moderate levels of sedation as assessed by the Narcotrend (NT; between B1 and C2). |
|
| Fentanyl | Experimental | Group F received fentanyl 1 mcg/kg and midazolam to achieve moderate levels of sedation as assessed by the Narcotrend (NT; between B1 and C2). |
|
| Remifentanil | Experimental | Group R received remifentanil target-controlled infusion with effect-site target concentration of 1ng/ml and midazolam to achieve moderate levels of sedation as assessed by the Narcotrend (NT; between B1 and C2). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sufentanil | Drug | Patients in Group S received sufentanil 0.1 mcg/kg. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dosage of midazolam | Dosage of midazolam applied | during the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| severity of cough | total times of cough | during the procedure |
| patient's subjective tolerance | the intensity of four key symptoms during bronchoscopy (pain, nausea, breathlessness and cough) and memory using a visual analogic scale (VAS: 1 mm: excellent tolerance, 100 mm very low tolerance) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shiyue Li, Professor | The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University | Guangzhou | Guangdong | 510000 | China |
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| Fentanyl |
| Drug |
Patients in Group F received fentanyl 1 mcg/kg. |
|
| Remifentanil | Drug | Patients in Group R received remifentanil target-controlled infusion with effect-site target concentration of 1ng/ml. |
|
| Midazolam | Drug | Patients in all groups received midazolam to achieve moderate levels of sedation as assessed by the Narcotrend (NT; between B1 and C2). |
|
| 30minutes after bronchoscopy |
| patient's global tolerance assessed by operator | the global tolerance of patient to the procedure using a visual analogic scale (VAS: 1 mm: excellent tolerance, 100 mm very low tolerance) | 30minutes after bronchoscopy |
| rate of oxygen desaturation | oxygen desaturation (SaO2 decrease<90% for >30 s) | during the procedure |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017409 | Sufentanil |
| D005283 | Fentanyl |
| D000077208 | Remifentanil |
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010880 | Piperidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011422 | Propionates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
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