The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of sufentanil combined with midazolam in bronchoscopy under conscious sedation. A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients undergoing bronchoscopy applying sufentanil and midazolam under conscious sedation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2013 to July 2017.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who had undergone bronchoscopy applying topical lidocaine, sufentanil and midazolam under conscious sedation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2013 to July 2017

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients who had undergone bronchoscopy not applying topical lidocaine, sufentanil and midazolam under conscious sedation

According to guidelines of bronchoscopy, patients had no food by mouth for 4h and to allow clear fluids by mouth up to 2 h before bronchoscopy. Oxygen supplementation was given to the patients through the nasal cannula (2-5L/min, adjusted as needed). 2% lidocaine was applied for topical anesthesia. Sufentanil and midazolam were applied intravenously.