• To detect long-term effects of left ventricular remodeling in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.
• And to evaluate outcome.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with its accompanying adverse sequelae remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the world .

Reperfusion therapy is by far the most important therapy for the treatment of acute MI. Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium reduces the infarct size and improves left ventricular function, both of which contribute to an improved clinical outcome in patients with acute MI .

Using primary PCI has reduced the mortality of patients with acute MI . However, the increased survival rate resulted in the increased incidence of cardio vascular events mainly due to LV remodeling and congestive heart failure .

Post-infarct ventricular remodeling develops in about 30% of patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Ventricular remodeling is a predictor of heart failure and for this reason it assumes a negative prognostic value .

Left ventricular remodeling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention is a major determinant for the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes . Adverse left ventricular remodeling refers to alterations in ventricular architecture involving both the infarcted and non-infarcted zones leading to progressive increase in systolic and diastolic left ventricular volumes.

Left ventricular remodeling following a ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an adaptive response to maintain the cardiac output despite myocardial tissue loss. Limited studies have evaluated long term ventricular function after STEMI.

Left Ventricular remodeling, both positive and negative, is an ongoing process and continues at least up to 2 years after STEMI, involving the infarct zone and remote zones. Long-term left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) deterioration is characterized by an increase in end-systolic volume and less wall thickening in the remote zones. Patients with long-term LVEF improvement exhibit an increase in left ventricular wall thickening both in the transmural infarct and remote zones. For elucidation of long term effects of left ventricular remodeling, the current study is conducted.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients were treated successfully by primary PCI more than 2 years ago within 12 hours of onset of chest pain or up to 24 hour of onset of chest pain if there was ongoing ischemia at Assiut University Cardiac Hospital Cath. lab.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with clinical manifestations of acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock at presentation.
• Significant Mitral regurgitation or valve disease.
• Patients with permanent pacemaker insertion.

• It is a cross sectional observational study conducted in Asyut University Cardiac Hospital for STEMI patients to whom PPCI were done. The study includes 127 acute STEMI patients to whom PPCI were done more than 2 years ago.
• History and clinical examination, ECG diagnosis and location of STEMI, Angiographic study, 2D Echocardiographic examination were done to them.