Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NH) is common among healthy neonates and normally resolves within a week. Untreated pathological hyperbilirubinaemia, however, can result in long-term neurological sequelae, which compromise childhood development, or may result in perinatal death. True population-based data from middle to low-income countries are scarce and NH contribution to morbidity and mortality remains unclear. With this study the investigators aim at assessing the prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in a cohort of newborns in a maternity hospital in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and at evaluating the possible risk factors for NH in the mother and the baby.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is common among healthy neonates and normally resolves within a week. Untreated pathological hyperbilirubinaemia, however, can result in long-term neurological sequelae, which compromise childhood development, or may result in perinatal death. Worldwide, this condition affects at least 481,000 term or near term newborn babies annually, causing 114,000 deaths and more than 63,000 cases of moderate or severe disability. In high-income settings, early diagnosis and treatment in neonatal intensive care units have dramatically improved the outcome for babies at risk. However, true population-based data from middle to low-income countries are scarce and NH contribution to morbidity and mortality remains unclear. The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the 5 countries with the highest neonatal mortality rate: 29 per 1000 live births, with an estimated 96,963 annual deaths. NH diagnosis is mostly performed by visual inspection, which is not very reliable, and it is not systematically reported in maternity records. The primary objective is to evaluate the prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in a cohort of in-hospital consecutive live births. The secondary objective is to evaluate the possible risk factors for NH in the mother and the baby. The results of this survey will provide essential baseline data for the community. If the frequency of the NH and severe NH in the area is higher than routinely reported, prompt and appropriate management guidelines can be put in place to improve treatment to decrease neonatal mortality and neurological disabilities.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All live male or female new-borns
• Mothers of any age, willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the survey and agree to stay 72 hours in hospital after giving birth

Exclusion Criteria:

• Newborn health conditions which makes difficult to drawn a blood sample
• Newborn health conditions requiring specific care not compatible with the survey procedures

306 in-hospital consecutive live births