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Coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains one of the world's leading causes of death, despite markedly improvement of devices and technologies on past several decades. The treatment strategy for CAD included medical treatment, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). CABG is a procedure in which autologous arteries or veins are used as grafts to bypass coronary arteries that are partially or completely obstructed by atherosclerotic plaque. During the past decade, there has been nearly a 30% decline in CABG procedures, despite abundant evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of the operation.This decline has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in PCI. To date, there have been numerous studies to compare the clinical outcomes between PCI and CABG for patients with CAD. Among them, SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) trial demonstrated CABG is associated with lower incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascualr events in patients with high SYNTAX score, compared with PCI. In this regard, the current guidelines recommend that CABG is preferred method for care of stable ischemic heart disease patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease. However, most randomized controlled studies do not reflect the contemporary practice, because they have been performed in the era of bare metal stents or first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES). In addition, there have been limited data regarding the prognostic factors for long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing PCI with DES or CABG. Therefore, the investigators sought to compare the clinical outcomes between PCI with DES or CABG, and to identify prognostic factors for long-term clinical outcomes in patients who underwent PCI with DES or CABG.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CABG | Patients with CAD who undergoing CABG |
| |
| PCI | Patients with CAD who undergoing PCI with DES |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CABG | Procedure | Patients who undergoing CABG |
| |
| PCI |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Death | death from cardiac-cause | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause Death | death from any-cause | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Myocardial infarction | Myocardial infarction without peri-procedural myocardial infarction |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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About 10,000 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease and who underwent PCI with DES or CABG.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Bin Song, MD, PhD | Contact | 82-2-3410-3419 | youngbin.song@gmail.com | |
| Ki Hong Choi, MD | Contact | 82-10-8875-1648 | cardiokh@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Young Bin Song, MD, PhD | Samsung Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samsung Medical Center | Recruiting | Seoul | 06351 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41813275 | Derived | Gim DH, Lee SY, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Lee SJ, Kwon W, Lee JY, Lee SH, Shin D, Lee SY, Kim SM, Yun KH, Cho JY, Kim CJ, Ahn HS, Nam CW, Yoon HJ, Park YH, Lee WS, Choi KH, Park TK, Yang JH, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Song YB, Hahn JY, Jeong DS, Lee JM. Clinical Impact of Diabetes Mellitus After Intravascular Imaging-Guided PCI vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2026 Mar 9;19(5):555-567. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2025.11.036. | |
| 40864021 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
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| Procedure |
Patients who undergoing PCI with DES |
|
| 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Target-vessel revascularization | ischemia-driven or all | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Any revascularization | ischemia-driven or all | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Bleeding | BARC type 2-5 | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Cerebrovascular accident | Ischemic or hemorrhagic | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| MACCE (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular accident) | a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accident | 5-Year after the index procedure |
| Derived |
| Lee SY, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Lee SJ, Kwon W, Lee JY, Lee SH, Shin D, Lee SY, Kim SM, Yun KH, Cho JY, Kim CJ, Ahn HS, Nam CW, Yoon HJ, Park YH, Lee WS, Choi KH, Park TK, Yang JH, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Song YB, Hahn JY, Jeong DS, Lee JM. Intravascular Imaging-Guided PCI vs Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main or 3-Vessel Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2025 Sep 8;18(17):2077-2088. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2025.06.034. Epub 2025 Aug 27. |
| 39901632 | Derived | Lee SY, Lee SJ, Kwon W, Lee SH, Shin D, Lee SY, Kim SM, Yun KH, Cho JY, Kim CJ, Ahn HS, Nam CW, Yoon HJ, Park YH, Lee WS, Choi KH, Park TK, Yang JH, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Song YB, Hahn JY, Lee JY, Lee JM, Investigators TR. Outcomes of intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention according to lesion complexity. EuroIntervention. 2025 Feb 3;21(3):e171-e182. doi: 10.4244/EIJ-D-24-00755. |
| 39513369 | Derived | Lee SH, Jo J, Yang JH, Kim SM, Choi KH, Song YB, Jeong DS, Lee JM, Park TK, Hahn JY, Choi SH, Chung SR, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Gwon HC, Lee YT. Clinical Impact of Sarcopenia Screening on Long-Term Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Bypass Grafting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Dec;15(6):2842-2851. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13645. Epub 2024 Nov 8. |
| 39101114 | Derived | Joh HS, Kwon W, Shin D, Lee SH, Hong YJ, Hong D, Lee SY, Park H, Kim S, Lee SY, Koh JS, Kim H, Kim CJ, Choo EH, Yoon HJ, Park SD, Jeon KH, Bae JW, Ahn SG, Kim SE, Choi KH, Park TK, Yang JH, Song YB, Hahn JY, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Lee JM. Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Patients Undergoing Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Asia. 2024 Jun 18;4(7):519-531. doi: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2024.04.007. eCollection 2024 Jul. |
| 38267144 | Derived | Kwon W, Hong D, Choi KH, Lee SH, Shin D, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Kim SM, Yun KH, Cho JY, Kim CJ, Ahn HS, Nam CW, Yoon HJ, Park YH, Lee WS, Park TK, Yang JH, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Song YB, Hahn JY, Lee JM; RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI Investigators. Intravascular Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Before and After Standardized Optimization Protocols. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2024 Jan 22;17(2):292-303. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.10.062. |
| 36862681 | Derived | Jang WJ, Choi KH, Kim J, Yang JH, Hahn JY, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Jeong DS, Song YB. Impact of gender on mid-term prognosis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 2;18(3):e0279030. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279030. eCollection 2023. |
| 36172577 | Derived | Kwon W, Choi KH, Jeong DS, Lee SY, Lee JM, Park TK, Yang JH, Hahn JY, Choi SH, Chung SR, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Gwon HC, Lee YT, Song YB. Comparison of long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting in multi-vessel disease with chronic kidney disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Sep 12;9:951113. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.951113. eCollection 2022. |
| 33075126 | Derived | Choi KH, Song YB, Jeong DS, Jang YH, Hong D, Lee SY, Youn T, Bak M, Min KM, Lee JM, Park TK, Yang JH, Hahn JY, Choi JH, Choi SH, Chung SR, Cho YH, Sung K, Kim WS, Gwon HC, Lee YT. Differential effects of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients presented with acute coronary syndrome vs. stable ischaemic heart disease after coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021 Nov 3;7(6):517-526. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa080. |