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The aim of this study was to investigate the eye structure, visual impairment, visual motor development and motor coordination of children between 2-6 ages that had applied to diod laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.
There are three different groups in this study. Children between 2-6 ages that had applied to diod laser photocoagulation and intravitreal anti - vascular endothelial growth factor treatment will have evaluated with Snellen Test, Titmus Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-II, World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laser Group | Children with premature retinopathy treated with Laser therapy. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. |
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| Anti-VEGF Group | Children with premature retinopathy treated with anti-VEGF therapy. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. |
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| Regrese Group | Children with premature retinopathy haven't applied any invasive treatment method. All cases are evaluated with Snellen Test, Autorefractometer, Titmus Stereo Fly Test, Optical Kohlerans Tomography, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II. Investigation of Visual Motor Integration will evaluate with Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Peabody. Parents are evaluated World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF and State - Trait Anxiety Inventory. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snellen Test | Diagnostic Test | Visual acuity measurement |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Motor Integration | Visual-motor integration (VMI) is "the degree to which visual perception and finger-hand movements are well coordinated" and will asses with Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. The Short Format and Full Format tests take about 10-15 minutes each to administer. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks |
| Visual Perception | Visual perception will asses with Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. Visual Perception test takes about 5 minutes. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks |
| Motor Coordination | Motor Coordination is coordination of finger movements and will asses by Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration in this study. This test is a standardized, norm-referenced assessment involving copying geometric forms that is used to determine the level of integration between visual and motor systems in people of all ages. Motor coordination test takes about 5 minutes. Results are reported as standard scores, percentiles, and age equivalents. | 3 weeks |
| Retinal Layers' Development | Development of retinal layers will assess with Optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT allows for in vivo, cross-sectional assessment of eye tissue, including the retina and its vasculature. By comparing the interference patterns of light that passes through live tissue to a reference arm, OCT provides high-resolution imaging of just a few microns of eye microanatomy. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life in Parents | Quality of life assessment of parents will evaluate with The WHOQOL-BREF instrument that is comprises 26 items, which measure the following broad domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. | 3 weeks |
| State - Trait Anxiety of Parents |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Participants who were followed up and treated in the outpatient clinic of Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic with the diagnosis of Prematurity Retinopathy between the years 2012-2015 were included in the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zeliha Candan Algun | Istanbul Medipol University Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Medipol University | Istanbul | Beykoz | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28539807 | Background | Rothman AL, Mangalesh S, Chen X, Toth CA. Optical coherence tomography of the preterm eye: from retinopathy of prematurity to brain development. Eye Brain. 2016 May 27;8:123-133. doi: 10.2147/EB.S97660. eCollection 2016. | |
| 28128986 | Background | Kabatas EU, Kurtul BE, Altiaylik Ozer P, Kabatas N. Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab, Intravitreal Ranibizumab and Laser Photocoagulation for Treatment of Type 1 Retinopathy of Prematurity in Turkish Preterm Children. Curr Eye Res. 2017 Jul;42(7):1054-1058. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1264607. Epub 2017 Jan 27. |
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|
| Autorefractometer | Diagnostic Test | Refraction measurement |
|
| Titmus Stereo Fly Test | Diagnostic Test | Stereopsis measurement |
|
| Optical Kohlerans Tomography | Diagnostic Test | Retinal development measurement |
|
| Investigation of Visual Motor Integration | Behavioral | Investigation of visual motor integration, motor coordination and visual perception by Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. |
|
| Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - II | Behavioral | Evaluation of motor development |
|
| World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF | Behavioral | Assesment of quality of life |
|
| State - Trait Anxiety Inventory | Behavioral | Assesment of anxiety |
|
| 3 weeks |
State and trait anxiety level of parents will asses by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) that is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety. It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress.The STAI has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety. |
| 3 weeks |
| 25025864 | Result | Araz-Ersan B, Kir N, Tuncer S, Aydinoglu-Candan O, Yildiz-Inec D, Akdogan B, Ekici B, Demirel A, Ozmen M. Preliminary anatomical and neurodevelopmental outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab as adjunctive treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Curr Eye Res. 2015 May;40(6):585-91. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.941070. Epub 2014 Jul 15. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012178 | Retinopathy of Prematurity |
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| D011596 | Psychomotor Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012164 | Retinal Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D007235 | Infant, Premature, Diseases |
| D007232 | Infant, Newborn, Diseases |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
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