Each participant received nutritional counseling and recommended each of them to consume 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/day. Participants were encouraged to consume a balanced diet with six food groups follow "Daily dietary guideline of 2013 " as recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan. However, 1.2 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/day was suggested from this guideline.

Subjects in the Supp group were provided with Protison with High Protein 51(Original Flavor) containing supplements in addition to their regular daily meals to achieve 1.5 g protein/kg (BW)/day on the basis of this guideline.

Each participant received nutritional counseling and recommended each of them to consume 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/day. Participants were encouraged to consume a balanced diet with six food groups follow "Daily dietary guideline of 2013 " as recommended by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan. However, 1.2 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/day was suggested from this guideline.

Subjects in the Diet group were instructed to consume ordinary high protein foods to achieve 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (BW)/day on the basis of this guideline, and suggested to equally distribute their meal time.

Contents of each supplement sachet has a calorie of 88 kcal, 12.8 g protein( including 8.5 g whey protein concentrate), 1.2 g leucine, 7.3 g carbohydrates, 0.8 g fat and 120 IU vitamin D per serving. This supplement was added 200 ml water and stirred well, then drank before meal.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to obtain appendicular muscle mass (AMM) and height. The unit of AMM and height were represented as kilogram and meter respectively. AMMI were calculated as AMM/height^2 (kg/m^2).

Hand dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength. Subject was asked to sit in an upright position with the upper arm forming a virtually 90 degree angle with the forearm. Three consecutive measurements of grip strength obtained from both hands were recorded and average of the highest value was calculated as the maximum grip strength. The unit of handgrip strength was represented as kilogram.

Asking the subjects to perform a 5-meter walk at their usual pace and measure how much second they could complete this distance, then the unit of gait speed was represented as m/s.