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Patients who have moderate crowding that could be treated without extraction will be treated in this study using either lingual or labial fixed orthodontic appliances. All patients will receive a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan in two different times (T0: before treatment, T1: after treatment). The dentoalveolar changes will be assessed.
Lingual orthodontic appliances provide an ultimate esthetic solution for patients who do not want visible orthodontic appliances. Recently, lingual orthodontic treatment outcomes have become similar and comparable to those produced with labial orthodontic treatment. However, placement of orthodontic brackets on the lingual surfaces of teeth causes changes in their morphology, which results in articulation problems, chewing difficulties, tongue irritation and other impairments. In this respect, the main difference between the labial and lingual techniques is the distance between the point of application of the force that is transmitted through the bracket and the centre of resistance of the tooth. Consequently, the displacement and stress induced in bone by these two techniques will also differ, and these need to be evaluated so that useful comparisons can be made between these two techniques. Patients who have moderate crowding that could be treated without extraction will be treated in this study using either lingual or labial fixed orthodontic appliances. All patients will receive a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan in two different times (T0: before treatment, T1: after treatment). The dentoalveolar changes will be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lingual appliances "AO®" | Experimental | Patients with moderate crowding will be treated without extraction using lingual fixed appliances from American Orthodontics company. |
|
| Labial appliances "AO®" | Experimental | Patients with moderate crowding will be treated without extraction using labial fixed appliances from American Orthodontics company. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lingual appliances | Device | Patients with moderate crowding will be treated without extraction using lingual appliances. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dentoalveolar changes after crowding treatment | Dentoalveolar changes before and after crowding treatment will be evaluated using CBCT. | Changes will be evaluated before and after crowding treatment which will take approximately 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| ABO- Objective Grading System | Objective grading system phase III examination will be done to systematically grade post treatment records. The ABO-OGS contains eight criteria: alignment, marginal ridges, buccolingual inclination, occlusal relationships, occlusal contacts, overjet, interproximal contacts and root angulation. Patients will be deducted for any discrepancy from ideal as described by the ABO. Every case that loses 30 or fewer points generally receives a passing grade for the ABO phase III examination. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ahmad S Burhan, PhD. | Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Damascus University | Damascus | 00963 | Syria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12132310 | Background | Fritz U, Diedrich P, Wiechmann D. Lingual technique--patients' characteristics, motivation and acceptance. Interpretation of a retrospective survey. J Orofac Orthop. 2002 May;63(3):227-33. doi: 10.1007/s00056-002-0124-3. English, German. | |
| 24456620 | Background | Jacobs C, Gebhardt PF, Jacobs V, Hechtner M, Meila D, Wehrbein H. Root resorption, treatment time and extraction rate during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating and conventional brackets. Head Face Med. 2014 Jan 23;10:2. doi: 10.1186/1746-160X-10-2. |
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The Individual participant data will be only available for the researchers in the department of Orthodontics, Damascus University
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003441 | Crowding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013037 | Spatial Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Labial appliances | Device | Patients with moderate crowding will be treated without extraction using labial appliances. |
|
| After treatment completion, an average of 1 year |
| Change in oral health related quality of life | Patients in both groups will be given a questionnaire to be filled. The questionnaire to be used is called Oral-Health-Impact-Profile with 14 items (OHIP-14) which can be filled in 3 minutes. OHIP-14 includes a subjective evaluation of the individual's oral health, functional well being, emotional well being, expectations and satisfaction with care and sense of self. | (1) at the beginning of the treatment, (2) after week, (3) after 2 weeks, (4) after 4 weeks, (5) after 6 months, (6) after treatment completion, an average of 1 year. |
| 23075062 | Background | Khattab TZ, Farah H, Al-Sabbagh R, Hajeer MY, Haj-Hamed Y. Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013 May;83(3):519-26. doi: 10.2319/073112-619.1. Epub 2012 Oct 18. |
| 30249268 | Background | Klang E, Beyling F, Knosel M, Wiechmann D. Quality of occlusal outcome following space closure in cases of lower second premolar aplasia using lingual orthodontic molar mesialization without maxillary counterbalancing extraction. Head Face Med. 2018 Sep 24;14(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13005-018-0176-2. |
| 20963544 | Background | Pauls AH. Therapeutic accuracy of individualized brackets in lingual orthodontics. J Orofac Orthop. 2010 Sep;71(5):348-61. doi: 10.1007/s00056-010-1027-3. Epub 2010 Oct 21. English, German. |
| 25805884 | Background | Pauwels R. Cone beam CT for dental and maxillofacial imaging: dose matters. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015 Jul;165(1-4):156-61. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncv057. Epub 2015 Mar 23. |
| 26445719 | Background | Tian YL, Liu F, Sun HJ, Lv P, Cao YM, Yu M, Yue Y. Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2015 Sep;45(5):245-52. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.5.245. Epub 2015 Sep 23. |