AML and MDS-EB2 are malignancies of the bone marrow. The standard treatment for these diseases is chemotherapy. Patients participating have a special type of this disease because the leukemia cells (blasts) have developed an error in the genetic material (DNA). This error is called an IDH1 mutation or an IDH2 mutation (a mutation is a change in the DNA), which leads to changes in specific substances in the leukemia cells. This trial will investigate whether the addition of the new drugs Ivosidenib (for patients with IDH1 mutation) or Enasidenib (for patients with IDH2 mutation) to the standard treatment of chemotherapy controle the disease more effectively and for a longer period.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥18 years

• Newly diagnosed AML or MDS-EB2 defined according to WHO criteria, with a documented IDH1 or IDH2 gene mutation (as determined by the clinical trial assay) at a specific site (IDH1 R132, IDH2 R140, IDH2 R172). AML may be secondary to prior hematological disorders, including MDS, and/or therapy-related (in which prior disease should have been documented to have existed for at least 3 months). Patients may have had previous treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) for MDS. HMAs have to be stopped at least four weeks before registration

• Patients with dual mutant FLT3 and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations may be enrolled only if, for medical or other reasons, treatment with a FLT3 inhibitor is not considered.

• Considered to be eligible for intensive chemotherapy.

• ECOG/WHO performance status ≤ 2

• Adequate hepatic function as evidenced by:

  • Serum total bilirubin ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) unless considered due to Gilbert's disease (e.g. a mutation in UGT1A1) (only for patients in IDH2 cohort), or leukemic involvement of the liver - following written approval by the (Co)Principal Investigator.
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 3.0 × ULN, unless considered due to leukemic involvement of the liver, following written approval by the Principal Investigator.

• Adequate renal function as evidenced by creatinine clearance > 40 mL/min based on the Cockroft-Gault formula for glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

• Able to understand and willing to sign an informed consent form (ICF).

• Written informed consent

Female patient must either:

o Be of nonchildbearing potential: Postmenopausal (defined as at least 1 year without any menses) prior to screening, or Documented surgically sterile or status posthysterectomy (at least 1 month prior to screening)

o Or, if of childbearing potential: Agree not to try to become pregnant during the study and for 6 months after the final study drug administration And have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test at screening And, if heterosexually active, agree to consistently use highly effective* contraception per locally accepted standards in addition to a barrier method starting at screening and throughout the study period and for 6 months after the final study drug administration.

• Highly effective forms of birth control include:

  • Consistent and correct usage of established hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation,
  • Established intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS),
  • Bilateral tubal occlusion,
  • Vasectomy (A vasectomy is a highly effective contraception method provided the absence of sperm has been confirmed. If not, an additional highly effective method of contraception should be used.)
  • Male is sterile due to a bilateral orchiectomy.
  • Sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual activity during the entire period of risk associated with the study drug. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical study and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient.

• List is not all inclusive. Prior to enrollment, the investigator is responsible for confirming patient will utilize highly effective forms of birth control per the requirements of the CTFG Guidance document 'Recommendations related to contraception and pregnancy testing in clinical trials', September 2014 (and any updates thereof) during the protocol defined period.

  • Female patient must agree not to breastfeed starting at screening and throughout the study period, and for 2 months and 1 week after the final study drug administration.

  • Female patient must not donate ova starting at screening and throughout the study period, and for 6 months after the final study drug administration.

    • Male patient and their female partners who are of childbearing potential must be using highly effective contraception per locally accepted standards in addition to a barrier method starting at screening and continue throughout the study period and for 4 months and 1 week after the final study drug administration

    • Male patient must not donate sperm starting at screening and throughout the study period and for 4 months and 1 week after the final study drug administration.

      • Subject agrees not to participate in another interventional study while on treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior chemotherapy for AML or MDS-EB2 (with the exception of HMA). Hydroxyurea is allowed for the control of peripheral leukemic blasts in patients with leukocytosis (e.g., white blood cell [WBC] counts > 30x109/L).

• Dual IDH1 and IDH2 mutations.

• Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with PML-RARA or one of the other pathognomonic variant fusion genes/chromosome translocations.

• Blast crisis after chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

• Known allergy or suspected hypersensitivity to Ivosidenib or Enasidenib and/or any exipients.

• Taking medications with narrow therapeutic windows with potential interaction with investigational medication (see Appendix I), unless the patient can be transferred to other medications prior to enrolling or unless the medications can be properly monitored during the study.

• Taking P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) transporter-sensitive substrate medications (see Appendix J) unless the patient can be transferred to other medications within ≥ 5 half-lives prior to administration of ivosidenib or enasidenib, or unless the medications can be properly monitored during the study.

• Breast feeding at the start of study treatment.

• Active infection, including hepatitis B or C or HIV infection that is uncontrolled at randomization. An infection controlled with an approved or closely monitored antibiotic/antiviral/antifungal treatment is allowed.

• Patients with a currently active second malignancy. Patients are not considered to have a currently active malignancy if they have completed therapy and are considered by their physician to be at < 30% risk of relapse within one year. However, patients with the following history/concurrent conditions are allowed:

  • Basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
  • Carcinoma in situ of the cervix
  • Carcinoma in situ of the breast
  • Incidental histologic finding of prostate cancer

• Significant active cardiac disease within 6 months prior to the start of study treatment, including New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure (appendix G); myocardial infarction, unstable angina and/or stroke; or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% by ultrasound or MUGA scan obtained within 28 days prior to the start of study treatment.

• QTc interval using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) ≥ 450 msec or other factors that increase the risk of QT prolongation or arrhythmic events (e.g., heart failure,family history of long QT interval syndrome). Prolonged QTc interval associated with bundle branch block or pacemaking is permitted with written approval of the Principal Investigator.

• Taking medications that are known to prolong the QT interval (see Appendix K), unless deemed critical and without a suitable alternative. In those cases, they may be administered, but with proper monitoring (see section 10.2, Table 13).

• Dysphagia, short-gut syndrome, gastroparesis, or other conditions that limit the ingestion or gastrointestinal absorption of orally administered drugs.

• Clinical symptoms suggestive of active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia or known CNS leukemia. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during screening is only required if there is a clinical suspicion of CNS involvement by leukemia during screening.

• A known medical history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

• Immediately life-threatening, severe complications of leukemia such as uncontrolled bleeding, pneumonia with hypoxia or shock, and/or severe disseminated intravascular coagulation

• Any other medical condition deemed by the Investigator to be likely to interfere with a patient's ability to give informed consent or participate in the study.

• Any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule.