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The aim of this study to investigate and compare cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters of prediabetic, type 2 diabetic and healthy individuals. CRF assessed with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) which is gold standard measure of CRF. Pulmonary functions, inflammation, disease specific parameters such as HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose etc affect CRF in prediabetic and type 2 diabetics.All parameters examine in this study.
This study will be participated with Type 2 diabetic,prediabetic and healthy patients. Patients' laboratory values, pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical activity level, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness levels will assess and record. Pulmonary function test will be assesed with CPET system, respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated with mouth pressure. Exercise capacity will be evaluated using six minute walking test, incremental shuttle walk test. And cardiorespiratory fitness will assess CPET system. Physical activity level will be evaluated trial accelerometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetic | Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). OR * A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). OR * Patients with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).OR* 2-h Plasma Glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during oral glucose tolerance test* * American Diabetes As. (ADA) type 2 diabetes diagnosis criteria |
| |
| Prediabetic | Fasting Plasma Glucose 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) to 125 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L) (Impaired Fasting Glucose)* OR A1C 5.7-6.4% (39-47 mmol/mol)* OR 2-h Plasma Glucose during 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) to 199 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L) (Impaired Glucose Tolerance)* * ADA prediabetes criteria |
| |
| Healthy | Healthy glucose metabolism and according to endocrinology visit no health problems related or affect cardiorespiratory fitness and other parameters examined in this study. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory Fitness | Diagnostic Test | Maximal symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise test used assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness. For pulmonary function spirometry test and maximal respiratory pressures assessed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | Refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical exercise. It will be evaluated with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET,CPX) System | November 2018-August 2019 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Exercise Capacity | 6 Minutes Walk Test's distance, meters | December 2018-August 2019 |
| Pulmonary functions | Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Type 2 diabetic patients -> Type 2 diabetes diagnosed population, Prediabetic -> According to ADA criteria persons in prediabetic condition Healthy
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ebru Calik-Kutukcu, PhD | Hacettepe University | Study Director |
| Hulya Arikan, Professor | Hacettepe University | Study Chair |
| Cemile Bozdemir-Ozel, MsC | Hacettepe University | Study Chair |
| Selcuk Dagdelen, Professor | Hacettepe University | Study Chair |
| Beyza Nur Karaduz, PT | Hacettepe University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011236 | Prediabetic State |
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072599 | Cardiorespiratory Fitness |
| D012129 | Respiratory Function Tests |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010809 | Physical Fitness |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D006262 | Health |
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|
| December 2018-August 209 |
| Respiratory Muscle Strength | Mouth pressures; maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure | December 2018-August 2019 |
| Maximal Exercise Capacity | İncremental Shuttle Walk Test | December 2018-August 2019 |
| Physical Activity Level | Accelerometer | December 2018-August 2019 |
| Pulmonary functions | Forced vital capacity (FVC) | December 2018-August 2019 |
| Pulmonary functions | Peak expiratory flow (PEF) | December 2018-August 2019 |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
| D003948 | Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |