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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena | OTHER |
| Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del RocÃo | OTHER |
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Spasticity is defined as a state of increased muscle tone, which evokes an increased resistance to a passive and fast stretching of the muscle. Indeed, the degree of spasticity depends, among other things, on the stretching velocity performed to the muscle. However, most of the tools used in the clinical setting to assess spasticity do not take into account the relationship between increased muscle tone and speed of stretching. Instead of that, muscle tone is usually assessed in a relaxed position of the muscle.
Likewise, to date, despite the functional disabilities related to the presence of chronic pain after a stroke, no previous study has correlated muscle tone and pressure pain sensitivity within this population
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | A control group of healthy subjects with no previous history of neurological disorders or conditions. This group pf participants will be selected in a similar population based-cohort than the other two study groups. |
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| Acute Stroke Group | In this group, participants who suffered a previous stroke within 3 months before data collection will be included. |
| |
| Chronic Stroke Group | In this group, only participants who have suffered a previous stroke of more than 3 months duration before data collection will be included. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Tone, Pain and Thickness | Diagnostic Test | Evaluation of Muscle state of tension, self-reported response to mechanical pressure pain and muscle thickness. The evaluation process of muscle tone and pressure pain sensitivity will be carried out following a topographical mapping covering myotendinous and muscle belly sites in the biceps brachii and the gastrocnemius muscles |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure Pain Threshold, assessed by Manual Pressure Algometry | A handheld electronic pressure algometer with a 1-cm2 contact probe will be used. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), as the minimum necessary pressure force to evoke pain, will be assessed bilaterally over biceps brachii and the gastrocnemius muscles (medial and lateral). Assessments will be made using a topographical mapping covering myotendinous and muscle belly sites in the above mentioned muscles. A 30-second break will be used between assessments to prevent bruising, and an average of the two measures over each site will be calculated for the statistical analysis. Pressure algometry is reliable in healthy individuals, and in stroke patients | One time assessment |
| Muscle Tone Assessment, using the modified Tardieu Scale | The modified Tardieu Scale is the most common tool used in the clinical setting to evaluate the muscle tone. The muscle response to a slow and fast stretching will be performed. During the fast stretching, the joint angle in which the muscle responds with difficulty will be collected using an electrogoniometer. | One time assessment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Stiffness, assessed by a myotonometer | The stiffness of the biceps brachii and gastrocnemius muscles will be collected using a handheld myotonometer device, the so-called MyotonPRO, (Myoton AS, Estonia). The MyotonPRO is small, non-invasive, and it has shown good validity and high reliability in larger and smaller body muscles. This device delivers a multi-scan mode of three brief mechanical impulses, each one shortly followed by a quick release, to record the damped natural oscillation of the muscle using an accelerometer. Evaluations will be made in the affected and non-affected sides of stroke patients and in dominant and non-dominant sides of control participants. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Participants with acute or chronic stroke will be recruited from large public hospitals. The control participants will be selected from the same population-based cohort
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Isabel Garcia Bernal, PT | Physiotherapy Department, University of Sevilla, Spain | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiotherapy Department, University of Seville | Seville | 41009 | Spain | |||
| University of Sevilla |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009128 | Muscle Spasticity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010147 | Pain Measurement |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009460 | Neurologic Examination |
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| One time assessment |
| Muscle State of Tension (Muscle Tone), assessed by a myotonometer | The tone of the biceps brachii and gastrocnemius muscles will be collected using a handheld myotonometer device, the MyotonPRO, (Myoton AS, Estonia). The MyotonPRO is small, non-invasive, and it has shown good validity and high reliability in larger and smaller body muscles. This device delivers a multi-scan mode of three brief mechanical impulses, each one shortly followed by a quick release, to record the damped natural oscillation of the muscle using an accelerometer. Evaluations will be made in the affected and non-affected sides of stroke patients and in dominant and non-dominant sides of control participants. | One time assessment |
| Muscle Thickness | The thickness of the assessed muscles will be evaluated using ecography. Muscle thickness will be assessed in one point corresponding to a myotendinous site and one point corresponding to a muscle belly location in both, the biceps brachii and gastrocnemius muscles. Evaluations will be made in the affected and non-affected sides of stroke patients and in dominant and non-dominant sides of control participants. | One time assessment |
| Seville |
| 41009 |
| Spain |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009122 | Muscle Hypertonia |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |