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The primary objective of this study is to identify markers of a single meal of whole grain oat and whole grain wheat intake in humans.
The aim of this study is to identify compounds that are found in blood and urine and are derived from a single meal of whole grain oat or whole grain wheat intake so that epidemiological studies can be conducted to provide more accurate associations between whole grain intake and health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole Grain Oat | Other | Volunteers will consume a breakfast meal containing whole grain oats after 7 days of a whole grain free diet. |
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| Whole Grain Wheat | Other | Volunteers will consume a breakfast meal containing whole grain wheat after 7 days of a whole grain free diet. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole grain oats | Other | A meal containing whole grain oats |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake immediately after grain consumption | Blood and Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Blood and urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. | Day 8 |
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake a day after grain consumption | Blood and Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Blood and urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. | Day 9 |
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake 2 days after grain consumption | Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood glucose | Blood glucose will be measured. Blood glucose is reported in mmol/L. | Days 8 and 34 |
| Serum insulin | Serum insulin will be measured. Serum insulin is reported in mIU/L. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USDA-ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center | Beltsville | Maryland | 20705 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41423132 | Derived | Li Y, Novotny JA, Baer D, Hu Y, Sun Q, Zhang S, Sang S. Betainized metabolites as biomarkers of whole grain wheat, not oat: insights from controlled crossover pharmacokinetic and daily feeding studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2026 Feb;123(2):101139. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.101139. Epub 2025 Dec 19. |
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| Whole grain wheat |
| Other |
A meal containing whole grain wheat |
|
| Day 10 |
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake immediately after grain consumption | Blood and Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Blood and urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. | Day 34 |
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake a day after grain consumption | Blood and Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Blood and urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. | Day 35 |
| Identification of unknown biomarkers of grain intake 2 days after grain consumption | Urine metabolomics profiling will be conducted. Metabolomics refers to the complete set of small molecule metabolites. The METLIN Metabolomics Database is a repository of such chemicals and contains over 75,000 entries, thus metabolomics is a very broad assessment. Urine will be broadly analyzed with mass spectrometers for metabolomics, and all ionizing compounds will be captured by the detector, which reports the ratio of mass of the compound to the charge (units: m/z which is mass to charge). The mass-to-charges will be compared across different time points of collection, and appearance of mass-to-charges in some collections (but not found in others when grains were not consumed) will indicate a biomarker of grain intake. | Day 36 |
| Days 8 and 34 |
| Serum c-peptide | Serum c-peptide will be measured. Serum c-peptide is reported in ng/ml. | Days 8 and 34 |
| Non-esterified fatty acids in blood | Non-esterified fatty acids will be measured in blood. Non-esterified fatty acids are reported as mEQ/L. | Days 8 and 34 |
| Triglycerides in blood | Triglycerides will be measured. Triglycerides are reported as mmol/L. | Days 8 and 34 |