Continuous Paravertebral block with ropivacaine and Patient-controlled analgesia with morphine

Continuous Paravertebral Block with Saline and Patient-controlled analgesia with morphine

Inject local anesthetics in the T8 paravertebral space followed with catheter insertion and continuous local infusion.

Device: Philip CX50 Ultrasound Scanner The curved (C1-5) probe of Philip CX 50 Ultrasound Scanner is used for scanning

Device: PAJUNK Contiplex S Catheter Drug: single dose ropivacaine 0.5%ropivacaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline, 25ml in total given immediately after the correct position of the tip of the needle has been confirmed Drug: continuously infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% ropivacaine, infusion rate: 0.125ml/kg/pulse,1pulse/h given through the catheter inserted in the T8 paravertebral space following the single dose Drug: Morphine given as IPCA bolus: 2mg, lock time: 5min, 1h limitation: 8mg

The postoperative recovery quality is evaluated with QoR-15 questionnaire. The QoR-15 is a 15-item questionnaire intended to measure QoR after anesthesia and surgery. It comprises five subscales: pain (2 items), physical comfort (5 items), physical independence (2 items), psychological support (2 items), and emotional state (4 items) [2 Stark PA, Myles PS, Burke JA. Development and psychometric evaluation of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR- 15. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(6):1332.]. Each item is scored from 0 to 10, and the possible total score ranges from 0(extremely poor quality of recovery) to 150 (excellent quality of re covery).

The patients evaluated their pain severity with thenumeric rating scale (NRS, 0-10),where 0 indicates no pain, and 10 indicates the most severe pain.