| Primary | Change in Clinical Pain as Assessed by a Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS) | The NRS assess average pain over the past 24 hours from 0 (no pain) to 100 (most intense pain imaginable). | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
| | | Title | Denominators | Categories |
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| | | Title | Measurements |
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| - OG000-24.67± 12.88
- OG001-3.33± 10.63
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| Secondary | Change in Clinical Pain as Assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) | The WOMAC ranges from 0 to 96, with higher scores indicating worse osteoarthritis (OA) pain-related symptoms. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety-short Form | The 7-item PROMIS Anxiety Short Form assesses the pure domain of anxiety in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 7 to 35 with higher scores indicating greater severity of anxiety. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the PROMIS Anxiety-short Form | The 7-item PROMIS Anxiety Short Form assesses the pure domain of anxiety in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 7 to 35 with higher scores indicating greater severity of anxiety. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by PROMIS Depression-short Form | The 8-item PROMIS Depression Short Form assesses the pure domain of depression in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by PROMIS Depression-short Form | The 8-item PROMIS Depression Short Form assesses the pure domain of depression in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by PROMIS Sleep Disturbance-short Form | The 8-item PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form assesses the pure domain of sleep disturbance in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of sleep disturbance. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by PROMIS Sleep Disturbance-short Form | The 8-item PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form assesses the pure domain of sleep disturbance in individuals age 18 and older, and each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of sleep disturbance. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) consists of 13 items assessing three components of catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Each item rated on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (all the time).The PCS total score is computed by summing responses to all 13 items, with total scores ranging from 0 - 52. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) consists of 13 items assessing three components of catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Each item rated on a 5-point scale: 0 (Not at all) to 4 (all the time).The PCS total score is computed by summing responses to all 13 items, with total scores ranging from 0 - 52. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a 14-item instrument. Respondents indicate their experiences relating to the items on a 4-point Likert scale (rarely, occasionally, fairly often and almost always), and the total score is calculated by adding all the scores on the 14 items of the FMI. Total scores range from 14-56, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindfulness. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Psychosocial Symptoms as Assessed by the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) | The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) is a 14-item instrument. Respondents indicate their experiences relating to the items on a 4-point Likert scale (rarely, occasionally, fairly often and almost always), and the total score is calculated by adding all the scores on the 14 items of the FMI. Total scores range from 14-56, with higher scores indicating higher levels of mindfulness. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Change in Experimental Pain Sensitivity as Assessed by Conditioned Pain Modulation | Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) was assessed as the change in PPT on the trapezius immediately after the immersion of the contralateral hand up to the wrist in a cold-water bath (Neslab, Portsmouth, NH) at 12 degrees C for one minute. [To assess PPT, a handheld digital pressure algometer (Wagner, Greenwich, CT) was applied at a constant rate of 0.3 kilograms force per centimeter squared (kgf/cm^2) per second to the participant's trapezius. Participants were asked to notify the experimenter when the pressure sensation ''first becomes painful" to assess pressure pain threshold (PPT).] | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms force (kgf) | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Were Assessed by Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) | Pain-related cortical response will be measured using a continuous-wave, multichannel fNIRS imaging system (LIGHTNIRS, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with three semiconductor lasers at 780, 805, and 830 nm. Optical recordings will be collected during thermal pain stimulation. | | Posted | | Count of Participants | | Participants | | baseline | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Were Assessed by Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy | Pain-related cortical response will be measured using a continuous-wave, multichannel fNIRS imaging system (LIGHTNIRS, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with three semiconductor lasers at 780, 805, and 830 nm. Optical recordings will be collected during thermal pain stimulation. | | Posted | | Count of Participants | | Participants | | 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Change in Experimental Pain Sensitivity as Assessed by Cold Pain Intensity | Participants immersed their hand in a cold water bath, and at thirty seconds after hand immersion, they rated the cold pain intensity on a scale of 0-100. A higher score indicating higher pain intensity. | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Change in Experimental Pain Sensitivity as Assessed by Pressure Pain Threshold, Lateral Knee | To assess pressure pain threshold (PPT), a handheld digital pressure algometer (Wagner, Greenwich, CT) was applied at a constant rate of 0.3 kilograms force per centimeter squared (kgf/cm^2) per second to the participant's knee. Participants were asked to notify the experimenter when the pressure sensation ''first becomes painful" to assess pressure pain threshold (PPT). | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms force (kgf) | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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| Secondary | Change in Experimental Pain Sensitivity as Assessed by Pressure Pain Threshold, Medial Knee | To assess pressure pain threshold (PPT), a handheld digital pressure algometer (Wagner, Greenwich, CT) was applied at a constant rate of 0.3 kilograms force per centimeter squared (kgf/cm^2) per second to the participant's knee. Participants were asked to notify the experimenter when the pressure sensation ''first becomes painful" to assess pressure pain threshold (PPT). | | Posted | | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms force (kgf) | | baseline, 2 weeks | | | | ID | Title | Description |
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| OG000 | tDCS With Mindfulness-based Meditation | Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Mindfulness-Based Meditation Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): tDCS with a constant current intensity of 2 milliamps (mA) will be applied for 20 minutes per session daily for 2 weeks (Monday to Friday) via the Soterix 1x1 tDCS mini-CT Stimulator device (Soterix Medical Inc., New York; 6.5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 0.7 inches thick) with headgear and 5x7 cm saline-soaked surface sponge electrodes. mindfulness-based meditation: The meditation intervention will be delivered by a recorded device that participants will be given together with the tDCS. All meditation instruction recordings will be done by an experienced mind-body intervention specialist and installed in a user-friendly MP3 player. | | OG001 | Sham tDCS With Sham Meditation | Sham self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with sham Meditation Sham Self Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): For sham stimulation, the electrodes will be placed in the same positions as for active stimulation, but the stimulator will only deliver 2 mA current for 30 seconds. sham meditation: For sham meditation, the participants will be instructed, approximately every 2-3 minutes, to take deep breaths as we sit in meditation. Time spent giving instructions in the sham meditation intervention will be matched to time spent in the mindfulness intervention. |
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