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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of Cogniboard® Light Trainer, an education device with visual feedback that is added to the Neurodevelopmental Therapy Method (NDT) based upper extremity rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy, on upper extremity functions such as joint range of motion (ROM), muscle tone, grip strength, pinch strength and functional abilities.
Children with the diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy, aged between 4 and 18 years were included in the study, who were volunteered to participate. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups; A total of 16 sessions of rehabilitation program were applied for 2 days a week for 8 weeks. The treatment programs applied are; Group I: NDT based upper extremity rehabilitation, Group II: NDT based upper extremity rehabilitation + Cogniboard® Light Trainer training. In the cases, pre- and post-treatment spasticity was defined with 'Modified Ashworth Scale'; upper extremity joint range of motion (ROM) with 'goniometer'; grip and pinch strength with 'dynamometer'; hand skills with 'Minnesota Hand Skill Test'; functional abilities with 'Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and functional level with 'Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)'.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group I | Group I: The control group. Participants in this group received only NDT based upper extremity rehabilitation. Number of the participants were 19. | ||
| Group II | Group II: The study group. Participants in this group received NDT based upper extremity rehabilitation + Cogniboard® Light Trainer training. Number of the participants were 19. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Range of motion (ROM) | Upper extremity ROM measured with universal goniometer. | Eight weeks |
| Spasticity | Spasticity defined with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The MAS measures resistance during passive soft-tissue stretching. Scoring: 0= normal tone. 1= slight increase in muscle tone, minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion (ROM) when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension. 1+= slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder of the ROM. 2= more marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved. 3= considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult. 4= affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension. | Eight weeks |
| Grip and pinch strength | Grip and pinch strength measured with dynamometer. | Eight weeks |
| Hand Skills | Hand skills was assessed with Minnesota Dexterity Test (MMDT). MMDT is a standardized test for the evaluation of a subject's ability to move small objects various distances. The score on the test is the total seconds required to complete chosen number of test trials. | Eight weeks |
| Functional Abilities | Functional abilities was assessed with Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). CHAQ is used to assess health status in children. It assesses functional ability in 8 domains of physical function (30 items) for children. Each item is scored on a four point scale ranging from 0 (without any difficulty), 1 (with some difficulty), 2 (with much difficulty), 3 (unable to do). The mean score of the eight domains finally makes up the disability index and ranges from 0 (no disability) to 3 (disabled). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Participants of the study were selected among the children who applied to Dilbade Education and Rehabilitation Center for rehabilitation.
Simple random sampling method was applied to group selection.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tugba Kuru Colak | Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dilbade Education and Rehabilitation Center | Istanbul | Eyup | 34050 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27134357 | Background | Acar G, Altun GP, Yurdalan S, Polat MG. Efficacy of neurodevelopmental treatment combined with the Nintendo((R)) Wii in patients with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Mar;28(3):774-80. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.774. Epub 2016 Mar 31. | |
| 12736885 | Background | Avery LM, Russell DJ, Raina PS, Walter SD, Rosenbaum PL. Rasch analysis of the Gross Motor Function Measure: validating the assumptions of the Rasch model to create an interval-level measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 May;84(5):697-705. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(02)04896-7. |
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Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), Informed Consent Form (ICF), Clinical Study Report (CSR) might be considered to be shared with clinicians studying in the same field one year after the publication of the study.
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Dec 7, 2018 | |
| Unrelease | Dec 12, 2018 | |
| Release | Feb 25, 2024 | |
| Reset | Aug 1, 2024 |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP_ICF | Yes | Yes | Yes | Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form | Jan 1, 2018 | Oct 29, 2018 | Prot_SAP_ICF_000.pdf |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 7, 2018 | Dec 12, 2018 | |||
| Feb 25, 2024 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002547 | Cerebral Palsy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001925 | Brain Damage, Chronic |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Eight weeks |
| Functional Level | Functional level was defined with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). GMFCS looks at movements such as sitting, walking and use of mobility devices. It provides a clear description of a child's current gross motor function. Level I can climb stairs without the use of a railing. Level II can walk in most settings and climb stairs holding onto a railing. Level III needs usage of a hand held mobility device, may climb stairs holding onto a railing with assistance. Level IV requires physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. Level V children are transported in a manuel wheelchair in all settings, they are limited in their ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk postures and control leg and arm movements. | Eight weeks |
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| Aug 1, 2024 |