Investigation of the Effects of Visual-Motor Based Training on Upper Extremity Functions in Individuals With Stroke

Investigation of the Effects of Visual-Motor Based Training on Upper Extremity Functions in Individuals With Stroke

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visual-motor based training and physiotherapy program on upper extremity functions in individuals with stroke and to compare with physiotherapy program.

Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of signs and symptoms due to a localized loss of cerebral function, in the absence of any apparent cause other than a vascular origin.More than 50% of patients experience various impairments and dependence on others following a stroke. One of the primary reasons for this condition is problems affecting the upper extremity.

The Light Trainer system allows for the repetitive and non-repetitive practice of an activity. It enables goal-oriented, active participation, providing an enjoyable experience that engages the whole body. The difficulty level can be adjusted and is tailored to the individual's response ability. With these features, it supports motor learning. Given these characteristics, the Light Trainer system is considered suitable for use in patients with sensory-motor-cognitive disorders, such as those with stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. A literature review reveals that task-oriented exercises and virtual reality are commonly used for visual-motor training; however, no studies have been found involving this new system

The first aim of this study is to investigate the effects of visual-motor based training and physiotherapy program on upper extremity functions in individuals with stroke and to compare with physiotherapy program.

The second aim of this study is to investigate the effects of visual-motor based training and physiotherapy program on cognitive functions and trunk in individuals with stroke and to compare with physiotherapy program.

Inclusion criteria:

• At least 6 months have passed since the cerebrovascular event
• Aged between 18 and 75 years
• First-time stroke
• Scoring 24 or higher on the Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT)
• Upper extremity functioning at Stage 4 or above according to the Brunnstrom Staging
• Shoulder, elbow, wrist, and finger muscle tone at or below a score of 2 on the Modified ---Ashworth Scale (MAS)
• Shoulder joint range of motion of at least 120°
• Ability to stand independently

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of hemispatial neglect syndrome
• Ataxia due to posterior circulatory ischemia
• Bilateral involvement (bilateral hemiparesis)
• Botulinum toxin injection in the last three months
• Physiotherapy treatment within the last 6 months
• Orthopedic problems such as shoulder subluxation, shoulder pain, or contractures in the hand or wrist
• Previous upper extremity or thoracic surgery
• Vision problems related to stroke (hemianopsia)
• Color blindness