Uremic Toxins and Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease

The Association Between Uremic Toxins and Outcomes and Comorbidities in Patients With CKD

The aim of this cohort study is:

To investigate the etiology and epidemiology of comorbidities in CKD; To find out risk factors associated with the mortality of CKD; To find out uremic toxins which are related to the mortality and comorbidities of CKD; To focuse on the association between uremic toxins and inflammation, oxidative stress and nutritional status in CKD.

To investigate the etiology and epidemiology of comorbidities in CKD; To find out risk factors associated with the mortality of CKD; To find out uremic toxins which are related to the mortality and comorbidities of CKD; To focuse on the association between uremic toxins and inflammation, oxidative stress and nutritional status in CKD.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age ≥18 years old;
• clinically diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, according K/DOQI criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• acute kidney injury
• history of kidney injury <3 months
• malignancy
• pregnancy
• incomplete clinical data