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This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design. The study purpose was to evaluate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life among patients with chronic schizophrenia compared with an active control.
Background: Anti-psychotic drugs are limited in their ability to improve psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety status in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) can potentially reduce anxiety status and improve subjective welling in acute patients. It is an ideal rehabilitation intervention for patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, no study has investigated the effects of PMR on outcomes among patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Design: This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design.
Methods: Hospital-based randomized control trial in Taiwan. Eighty subjects with chronic schizophrenia were recruited from a psychotic ward and randomized into PMR, or control groups. Patients in the intervention group participated in progressive muscle relaxation for 12 weeks; while patients in the control group members received supportive treatment-as-usual (TAU). All participants completed anxiety, psychotic syndromes and quality of life measures at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| progressive muscle relaxation | Experimental | The experimental group received PMR once a week for a total of 12 weeks. Subjects completed measures at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | treatment-as-usual(TAU) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| progressive muscle relaxation | Behavioral | intervention group: The experimental group received muscle relaxation training once a week for 3 consecutive months. The results were measured and followed up after 3 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of life simplified Chinese versions of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used | a 28-item questionnaire rated on a five-point Likert scale with four domains measuring: psychological health, physical health, social relationships and environment.so that higher scores refer to high QOL. | Measuring changes in quality of life from baseline to 6 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Scale | State anxiety was assessed by the State anxiety inventory (SAI) of Spielberg (1984). The range of possible total scores is 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. | measured at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| hsiu-ju Chang, PHD | Taipei Medical University | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Bernstein, D. A., & Borkovec, T. D. (1973). Progressive Relaxation Training: A Manual for the Helping Professions. | ||
| Background | SpielBerger C. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. | ||
| Background | Hedlund, J. L. & Vieweg, B. W. (1980) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): a comprehensive review. Journal of Operational Psychiatry, 11, 48- 65. | ||
| Background | Bernstein, D. & Borkove, c. T. (1973). Progressive relaxation training. Champaign, IL: Research Press. | ||
| Background | Overall, J.E., Gorham, D.R., 1962. The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol. Rep. 10, 799e812. | ||
| Background | Overall, J.E., 1974. The brief psychiatric rating scale in psychopharmacology research. In: Pichot, P., Olivier-Martin, E. (Eds.), Psychological Measurements in Psychopharmacology: Modern Problems in Psychopharmacology. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 67e78. | ||
| 20709459 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D011618 | Psychotic Disorders |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001326 | Autogenic Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006990 | Hypnosis |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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This study applied a randomized parallel case-controlled design.
Hospital-based randomized control trial . Subjects were chronic schizophrenia who were recruited from a psychotic ward complex and randomized into PMR, or control groups.
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The rater did not know what interventions the participants belonged to.
The instrument was developed by Kay et al. (1987) to assess psychopathology of schizophrenia which includes: positive, negative, general psychopathology symptoms. |
| measured at baseline, 3-month, and 3-month follow-up |
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| D011613 |
| Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |