Effects of Photobiomodulation in Salivary Analysis of Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Salivary Analysis of Chronic Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial

End-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis can present alteration in flow, concentrations and composition of saliva affecting oral health. This randomized placebo-controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in salivary parameters in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing hemodialysis. Forty-four patients with CRF on hemodialysis self-responded two questionnaires for oral health and salivary gland function perception. Thereafter, patients were clinically evaluated for the diagnosis of hypofunction of salivary glands and were randomly allocated into two groups: PBM group (n = 21), which received three irradiations of laser at ʎ = 808 nm, 100 mW, 142 J/cm2 and 4 J per point; and a placebo group (n = 17) that consisted of laser protocol with the device switched off. Patients were first submitted to sialometry and after to PBM or placebo intervention at baseline, 7 and 14 days. Non-stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected for salivary volume investigation and biochemical analysis of total protein, calcium and urea concentrations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Stable cardiopulmonary and neurological conditions;
• Hb> 10.9 g / dl and Hematocrit> 33;
• Absence of acute systemic infectious processes;
• Blood pressure <140 mmHg and PAd <90 mmHg in at least two measurements in two subsequent dialysis;
• No hypervolemia;
• Patients over 18 years-old;
• Signed a statement of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients in intensive care unit;
• Hemodynamic instability, signs and symptoms of uremic syndrome related to the cardiovascular and neurological systems;
• Presence of acute systemic infectious processes;
• Presence of acute cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure > 141 mmHg and / or diastolic blood pressure > 91 mmHg;
• Significant anemia (Hb <11 g / dl and Hto <33%);
• Photosensitivity;
• Pregnancy.