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The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) has effect to postoperative analgesia for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia but it was limited for cesarean section with general anesthesia. The hypothesis that this technique has effect to postoperative analgesia for cesarean section with general anesthesia and it could reduce 50% of total morphine consumption during 24 hours after surgery.
This is a randomized, controlled, no-blind clinical trial. The investigators selected 60 cases, who were cesarean section under general anesthesia, age from18 years, and American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification was from II-III. The cases of acute fetal impairment, local anesthesia contraindication, tolerance opioids, liver failure, renal failure, and spinal anesthesia failure were excluded. All cases were randomized assigned two groups: the TAP block group (T group) and controlled group (C group). Each group has 30 cases. The TAP block was performed under the ultrasound guidance with 0.25% of ropivacaine 20 ml each side. The both groups was treated postoperative analgesia with intravenous morphine to patients controlled analgesia (PCA). The primary outcome was total morphine consumption during 24 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes were the time of required the first dose of morphine, pain score, the complications of TAP block, the side effects of morphine, and satisfaction score of participants. Data was described and analyzed with SPSS 25.0. The sample size was calculated with the hypothesis that TAP block could reduce 50% of dose morphine during 24 hours after surgery, 80% of power, 10% of loss, and 0.05 of alpha error.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| T group | Active Comparator | The TAP block group was called T group. The participants were performed TAP block under guidance at the end of surgery. |
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| C group | Placebo Comparator | The controlled group was called C group. The participants has not TAP block and were treated postoperative analgesia with intravenous morphine to patients controlled analgesia |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TAP block | Procedure | TAP block was performed under guidance with 0.25% ropivacaine 20 ml each side. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total morphine consumption during 24 hours | Morphine was intravenous perfusion to participants during 24 hours with patients controlled analgesia (PCA). | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The time required the first of dose of morphine (hours) | The time was from the end of surgery to the participants required the first of dose of morphine with PCA. | 24 hours |
| Pain score: VAS | Pain score was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS is from 0 to 10. The zero is complete non-pain and the ten is severe pain |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| THANG T Nguyen, Mr | Gia Dinh People Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THANG Nguyen Trong | Ho Chi Minh City | 700000 | Vietnam |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D048949 | Labor Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009020 | Morphine |
| D000701 | Analgesics, Opioid |
| D000077212 | Ropivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009022 | Morphine Derivatives |
| D009019 | Morphinans |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
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Transversus abdominis plane block under the ultrasound guidance
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Participants were cesarean section with general anesthesia
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| Morphine | Drug | Single dose was 1 mg. The locked time was 6 minutes. The limited dose was 40 mg/ 4 giờ. |
|
|
| Ropivacaine | Drug | Ropivacaine 0.25% 20 ml each side |
|
|
| 24 hours |
| The rate of complications of TAP block | There were rate of systemic toxicity, puncture peritonea, and hematomae in abdominal wall | 24 hours |
| The rate of side effect of morphine | There were rate of sedation, respiratory failure, nause and vomiting, pruritus | 24 hours |
| The satisfaction of participants: Likert | It was evaluated with Linkert score. Likerk score is from 1 to 5: 1-strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3-neither agree nor disagree, 4-agree, 5-strongly agree | 24 hours |
| D006571 |
| Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D010616 | Phenanthrenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D009294 | Narcotics |
| D002492 | Central Nervous System Depressants |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D000700 | Analgesics |
| D018689 | Sensory System Agents |
| D018373 | Peripheral Nervous System Agents |
| D002491 | Central Nervous System Agents |
| D045506 | Therapeutic Uses |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |