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Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, .If not managed early , RA can result in irreversible, painful, and disabling joint damage. RA is often diagnosed using predefined criteria that necessitate clinical, laboratory, and radiologic examinations.
The prevalence of RA among adults is approximately 1-2% affecting women two to four times more often than men.Although RA risk increases with age, it can manifest at any stage of life, including childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.(1-4)( Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F, Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F., Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F, Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F) To date, a limited number of RA risk or protective factors have been identified, with genetic predisposition to autoimmune response (eg, HLA-DR4 gene) and repeated environmental exposures (eg, tobacco smoke) playing a major role.(3)(Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F) Heritability of RA is well-established because the lifetime risk of RA and related autoimmune diseases (namely, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, scleroderma, Sjo¨gren's syndrome, and hypothyroidism) increases 1.5 to 3 times in children of women diagnosed with RA.
Patients will answer the following the questationnaire:
Name age gender
1 Socio echonomic status (average salary \year) (Education) (Job) (residence)
Body mass index (height\wt2)
Disease duration in months.
Smoking (yes) (No) Passive smoker Ex smoker
Reproductive history:
age of menarche….
menstrual cycle….. regular or not……. P / C
How many pregnancies…….. living.
patient age at first birth (….).
breast feeding…..(yes)…….(no)
use of contraceptives (yes)…pills injections IUD (N0)……
Does patient get pregnant during disease?...(Yes)……(no)….. Does the arthritis improved (…)or got worse (…..) -flared during the purpurium.(yes) … (No)
age of menupause…. 10 Exposure to sun….(yes)…..(No) 11 -Theraputic history… (Newly diagnosed)
Does the patient receiving ttt? (yes) (Steroid)……. (NSAIDS)……. (2nd line drugs) (.Methotrexat(.…), Leflonamide (….) Hydroquine(….) (NO)……..
The study will include 100 patients fullfilling ACR 2010
Patients well subjected to
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis patients | complete blood count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protien ,rheumatoid factor,Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody | ||
| healthy control | complete blood count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protien ,rheumatoid factor,Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| vitamin D level | blood sample using ELISA kits | one month |
| Body mass index | weight in kg/m^2 | one month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anti cyclic citrullnated peptide antibodies | blood sample using ELISA | one month |
| Rheumatoid factor antibody | blood sample | one month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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patients with rheumatoid arthritis
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebtsam M Abd El Hakeem, MIS | Contact | 01065889869 | smilemostafa@gmail.com | |
| EL Badry I Abo Elnour, MD | Contact | 01091131611 | aboelnour@aun.edu.eg |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3468952 | Background | Almodovar PI. Dermatology diagnosis. Tuberculoid leprosy. Bol Asoc Med P R. 1986 Dec;78(12):514-5. No abstract available. | |
| 22119899 | Background | Jankosky C, Deussing E, Gibson RL, Haverkos HW. Viruses and vitamin D in the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Virus Res. 2012 Feb;163(2):424-30. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.11.010. Epub 2011 Nov 20. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001172 | Arthritis, Rheumatoid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
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| 4003932 | Background | Ginns LC, Ryu JH, Rogol PR, Sprince NL, Oliver LC, Larsson CJ. Natural killer cell activity in cigarette smokers and asbestos workers. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Jun;131(6):831-4. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1985.131.6.831. |
| 165046 | Background | Hodges GR, Loker EF Jr. Letter: Fatal pneumonia cause: avirulent wild-type ADV-7 or vaccine strain ADV-7. Chest. 1975 Jun;67(6):740. No abstract available. |
| 1753392 | Background | Mendes EN, Queiroz DM, Rocha GA, Nogueira AM, Carvalho AC, Lage AP, Barbosa AJ. Histopathological study of porcine gastric mucosa with and without a spiral bacterium ("Gastrospirillum suis"). J Med Microbiol. 1991 Dec;35(6):345-8. doi: 10.1099/00222615-35-6-345. |
| 15529351 | Result | Karlson EW, Mandl LA, Hankinson SE, Grodstein F. Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses' Health Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Nov;50(11):3458-67. doi: 10.1002/art.20621. |
| 2783422 | Result | Kawakami M, Watanabe N, Ogawa H, Kato A, Sando H, Yamada N, Murase T, Takaku F, Shibata S, Oda T. Cachectin/TNF kills or inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells according to developmental stage. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Jan;138(1):1-7. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041380102. |
| 14625816 | Result | Merlino LA, Cerhan JR, Criswell LA, Mikuls TR, Saag KG. Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct;33(2):72-82. doi: 10.1016/s0049-0172(03)00084-2. |
| 19819109 | Result | Cooper GS, Bynum ML, Somers EC. Recent insights in the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases: improved prevalence estimates and understanding of clustering of diseases. J Autoimmun. 2009 Nov-Dec;33(3-4):197-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.09.008. Epub 2009 Oct 9. |
| 22344961 | Result | Clowse ME, Chakravarty E, Costenbader KH, Chambers C, Michaud K. Effects of infertility, pregnancy loss, and patient concerns on family size of women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 May;64(5):668-74. doi: 10.1002/acr.21593. |
| 15476204 | Result | Padyukov L, Silva C, Stolt P, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Oct;50(10):3085-92. doi: 10.1002/art.20553. |
| 11557649 | Result | Reckner Olsson A, Skogh T, Wingren G. Comorbidity and lifestyle, reproductive factors, and environmental exposures associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Oct;60(10):934-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.60.10.934. |
| D003240 |
| Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |