Postoperative Muscular Pain, ETOIMS (Electrical Twitch Obstructive Intramuscular Stimulation)

A New Treatment Modality for the Postoperative Muscular Pain Management in Pylorus Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy: a Double-blind Randomized Control Trial

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is inevitably an operation requiring extensive skin and muscle incision, resulting in postoperative pain resulting in limitation of the patient's early exercise and function. ETOIMS(Electrical Twitch Obstructive Intramuscular Stimulation) is used to relieve muscle pain and relax muscles. ETOIMS is a method to relieve pain by stimulating muscle in myofascial pain syndrome. ETOIMS as an effective new treatment for pain after pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy in Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
• Patients who are able to perform daily activities before surgery and were able to walk independently.
• Adults over 20

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with history of previous open surgery

  • Patients who are not able to exercise due to severe musculoskeletal pain except surgery-related diseases
  • Patients who can not walk because of difficulty breathing related to myalgia
  • Patients who can not exercise due to severe musculoskeletal pain
  • Patients who had a limb defect before surgery and were unable to walk without assistive devices and others
  • Pregnant / lactating mothers
  • Patients who have cognitive impairment and can not answer the questionnaire
  • Patients with Pacemaker
  • Patients who can not read the consent form