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The purpose of this study is to access the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative pain in patients undergoing pancreatectomy
Patients who meet the enrollment criteria will be randomized 1:1 to either the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) or the sham groups. In the TEAS group, the acupoints are bilateral neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (L14) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints. The treatment will consist of two phases: a 30-minute stimulation administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, and a 30-minute stimulation session once daily on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The stimulation intensity will be adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| TEAS group | Experimental | In the TEAS group, the acupoints are bilateral neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (L14) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints. The treatment will consist of two phases: a 30-minute stimulation administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, and a 30-minute stimulation session once daily on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The stimulation intensity will be adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation. |
|
| sham group | Sham Comparator | Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation | Device | Patients in the TEAS group, the acupoints are bilateral neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (L14) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints. The treatment will consist of two phases: a 30-minute stimulation administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, and a 30-minute stimulation session once daily on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The stimulation intensity will be adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| highest NRS pain score for movement-evoked pain (defined as deep breathing or forced coughing three times) during 72 hours postoperatively. | The pain is evaluated using numerical rating scale(NRS). NRS scores range from 0 to 10 points, with 0 points representing no pain, and 10 points representing the strongest pain. | Up to 72 hours postoperatively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the highest NRS pain score at rest during 72 h postoperatively | The pain is evaluated using numerical rating scale(NRS). NRS scores range from 0 to 10 points, with 0 points representing no pain, and 10 points representing the strongest pain. | Up to 72 hours postoperatively |
| The cumulative morphine consumption at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18-80 years old; ASA physical status class I - III; Patients scheduled for pancreatectomy.
Exclusion Criteria:
Have a history of epilepsy; Rash or local infection over the acupoint stimulation skin area; Pregnancy or breastfeeding; Mental retardation, psychiatric, or neurological disease; Inability to comprehend the numeric rating scale (NRS); Implantation of a cardiac pacemaker, cardioverter, or defibrillator; Chronic opioid use; Metastases in other organs; Have a history of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupuncture Stimulation (TEAS) or electroacupuncture treatment in the past or recently；
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chunling Jiang, PhD | Contact | 18980601096 | jiangchunling@scu.edu.cn | |
| Luo Fengming, PhD | Contact | 85423593 | jiangchunling@scu.edu.cn |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luo Fengming, PhD | West China Hospital | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41469720 | Derived | Wu J, Chen J, Tang Q, Zhou L. Efficacy of perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative pain and recovery in patients undergoing pancreatectomy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025 Dec 31;27(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09386-5. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010190 | Pancreatic Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004067 | Digestive System Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D004701 | Endocrine Gland Neoplasms |
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Patients who meet the enrollment criteria will be randomized 1:1 to either the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) or the sham groups using a computer-generated random number table. After the randomization, use the opaque envelope, hide each group envelope into an opaque envelope, the envelope outside the code, will be sealed to the researcher, when the study, if the inclusion criteria, then open the corresponding numbered envelope, and intervene according to the group scheme in the envelope.
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Blinding of participants will be maintained throughout the observation period. The sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation, Throughout the study, for adequate blinding, an opaque tape will be applied to the patient's skin above the electrodes, and the patient's target acupoints will be wrapped in a blanket. All patients will be informed that they might or might not feel a tingling sensation around the acupoints when the TEAS device is working. The patients should not be unblinded until the statistical analysis of the study data is completed.
|
| sham transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation | Device | Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation. |
|
Postoperative opioid use is reported as morphine milligram equivalents, calculated using the Practical Pain Management calculator |
| Up to 72 hours postoperatively |
| The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during the first 24,48,72 hours. | We considered it PONV if patients felt any nausea or had any vomiting. | Up to 72 hours postoperatively |
| The incidence of a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications during hospitalization. | Defined as positive if any component developed before discharge after surgery; These complications included respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, or aspiration pneumonitis loading dose, during hospitalization after surgery. | Up to 7 days postoperatively |
| Quality of Recovery Scale Score at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. | The global QoR-15 score ranges from 0 to 150 and is categorized as five quality of recovery dimensions, including physical comfort (5 items), emotional state (4 items), psychological support (2 items), physical independence (2 items), and pain (2 items). Each piece is graded using an 11-point Likert scale. The QoR is classified according to the QoR-15 score as excellent (QoR-15 > 135), good (122 ≤ QoR-15 ≤ 135), moderate (90 ≤ QoR-15 ≤ 121) and poor (QoR-15 < 90). | Up to 3 days postoperatively |
| The postoperative sleep quality score | Postoperative sleep quality was evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The AIS consists of 8 items: waking up at night, sleep induction, final awakening, total sleep duration, sleep quality, well-being, functional ability, and daytime sleepiness. The AIS score ranges from 0 to 24 points, and a total score of 6 points or higher indicates a diagnosis of insomnia | Up to 3 days postoperatively |
| The plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), beta-endorphin, serotonin (5-HT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days | Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), beta-endorphin, serotonin (5-HT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are measured at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative | Up to 5 days postoperatively] |
| D004066 |
| Digestive System Diseases |
| D010182 | Pancreatic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |