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using a biased-coin design up-down sequential method, different concentration of lidocaine will be used for popliteal block After 45 successful block (positive response), the data will be used to calculate the minimum lidocaine concentration that can result in successful popliteal block in 90% of patients
The response of a patient determined the lidocaine concentration given to the next patient (a biased-coin design up-down sequential method). If a patient had a negative response, the lidocaine concentration was increased by 0.1% w/v in the next patient. If a patient had a positive response, the next patient was randomized to receive the same lidocaine concentration (with probability of 0.89), or to receive a concentration 0.1% w/v less (with probability of 0.11).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| lidocaine concentraion | Experimental | the popliteal block will be performed (once) in all patients using 20 ml of lidoacine. The response of a patient determined the lidocaine concentration given to the next patient (a biased-coin design up-down sequential method). If a patient had a negative response (failed block), the lidocaine concentration was increased by 0.1% w/v in the next patient. If a patient had a positive response (successful block), the next patient was randomized to receive the same lidocaine concentration (with probability of 0.89), or to receive a concentration 0.1% w/v less (with probability of 0.11). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lidocaine | Drug | patients will receive different lidocaine concentrations |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| successful popliteal block (positive response) | Sensory block will be assessed using pinprick sensation. Complete sensory block = unable to recognize pinprick sensation. Intra-operative pain will be assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 0 = No pain, 10 = Worst imaginable pain. Successful block = complete sensory block + pain free surgery (VAS = 0). | 30 min to 3 hour after the block |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| motor block | degree of motor weakness | 30 min after the block |
| motor recovery | complete recover of the motor power | 3 hours till full recovery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: patients
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008012 | Lidocaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083 | Acetanilides |
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 |
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the patients and the assessment staff will not be aware with the given lidocaine concentration
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| analgesic duration | requesting painkiller | few hours after block |
| Aniline Compounds |
| D000588 | Amines |