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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Hermina Podomoro Hospital | UNKNOWN |
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To compare the clinical, glycemic profile and therapy as well as pregnancy complications and infant mortality among diabetic mothers in Indonesia.
Pregnancy is a diabetogenic state with increasing burden on the mother's metabolism. Insulin resistance is often found during pregnancy leading to a compensatory increase in pancreatic β-cell response and eventually hyperinsulinemia. Undiagnosed and untreated diabetes in pregnancy have been shown to be linked with numerous comorbidities and complications to both mother and foetus.
This study aims to compare the clinical, glycemic profile along with comorbidities, management and outcomes of diabetic mothers. Pregnant mothers with gestational and pregestational diabetes diagnosed under the ICD-10 coding of O24 were included in this study. The inclusion criteria was all patients with primary diagnosis of O24, have visited the clinic at least twice with a complete record of glycemic profile, management and fetal outcomes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Good Outcome | Good outcome is defined as the safe delivery of the newborn. |
| |
| Poor Outcome | Poor outcome is defined as the incidence of fetal demise during pregnancy. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical Nutrition Therapy | Dietary Supplement | Only given medical nutrition therapy. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infant Mortality | Infant Mortality either due to abortion, intrauterine fetal death or stillbirth as recorded in medical records | Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Gestational Age at Birth | Infant Gestational at Birth as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| Infant Body Weight | Infant Body Weight as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| Infant Body Length | Infant Body Length as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| Infant Head Circumference | Infant Head Circumference as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| APGAR Score | One and five minute APGAR Scores as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Mortality | Maternal death as recorded in medical records | Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Comorbidities | Comorbid conditions were defined as either concomitant hypertension, anemia, urinary tract infection, preeclampsia/eclampsia, or combinations of them as recorded in medical records |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Random Plasma Glucose | Random Plasma Glucose levels as recorded in medical records | Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose | Fasting Plasma Glucose levels as recorded in medical records |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Pregnant mothers with gestational and pregestational diabetes diagnosed under the ICD-10 coding of O24.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anthony P Sunjaya | Tarumanagara University | Principal Investigator |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016640 | Diabetes, Gestational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D007328 | Insulin |
| D007004 | Hypoglycemic Agents |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D011384 | Proinsulin |
| D061385 | Insulins |
| D010187 | Pancreatic Hormones |
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| Insulin | Drug | Prescribed with rapid acting, intermediate acting, mixed or long acting insulin. |
|
| Oral Antidiabetics | Drug | Prescribed with all types of oral anti-diabetics. |
|
| Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Method of Delivery | Vaginal Birth or Caesarean Section as recorded in medical records | At time of delivery |
| Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test levels as recorded in medical records | Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) | Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels as recorded in medical records | Throughout the length of pregnancy, an average of 9 months |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D036361 |
| Peptide Hormones |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |