Glycated Hemoglobin Targets and Glycemic Control: Link With Lipid, Uric Acid and Kidney Profile in Indonesian Diabetic Patients
Glycated Hemoglobin Targets and Glycemic Control: Link With Lipid, Uric Acid and Kidney Profile in Indonesian Diabetic Patients
This study aims to compare uric acid, lipid, and kidney profile along with management and complications of Indonesian diabetic patients with good and poor glycemic control based on glycated hemoglobin profile.
Adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with type 2 diabetes which are diagnosed under ICD-10 coding of E-11 were included in this study. The inclusion criteria are patients with primary diagnosis of E11and have visited the clinic at least twice with a complete record of glucose, uric acid, lipid and kidney profile. Participants were grouped into 2 groups - good and poor glycemic control based on their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Good glycemic control is defined according to the American Diabetes Association and the Indonesian Association of Endocrinologists (PERKENI) cut off of HbA1c < 7.0.
Data such as age, sex, ethnic, education, BMI, glucose, uric acid, lipid, and kidney profile as well as comorbidities and type of drug used were collected from the patients' medical records. Comorbid conditions were defined as either concomitant hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, or combinations of them as diagnosed in the medical records. Diabetic complications of interest include macrovascular (heart disease, stroke), microvascular (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and a combination of both as well as infection (urinary tract infection, pneumonia). These complications were also based on the medical records. Management modalities included were lifestyle modification, use of oral antidiabetic medications or insulin, or both.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: