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- Assess gustatory thresholds among a sample of depressed Egyptian adults (age from 20 to 50 years old) under anti-depressants therapy ( for at least 3 months) using filter paper disc(FPD) method through a scoring system. - Determine the taste intensity at supra-threshold among these patients using a psychophysical method through a scoring system. - Identify possible modulators for developing gustatory dysfunction among these patients using a questionnaire ( appendix) with a binary measuring unit (yes/no).
PECO
Primary 1ry : Assess gustatory thresholds among a sample of depressed Egyptian adults (age from 20 to 50 years old) under anti-depressants therapy ( for at least 3 months) using filter paper disc(FPD) method through a scoring system.
Secondary 2ry: - Determine the taste intensity at supra-threshold among these patients using a psychophysical method through a scoring system. - Identify gustatory dysfunction modulators among these patients using a questionnaire ( appendix) with a binary measuring unit (yes/no).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure 1 | commonly prescribed tricyclic antidepressants (Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Clomipramine HCL) administered for at least 3 months | ||
| Exposure 2 | commonly prescribed Selective Serotonin Re-uptake inhibitors antidepressants ( Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Paroxetine) administered for at least 3 months | ||
| Non exposure | Non-pharmacological treatment (psychotherapy) |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gustatory thresholds | - C.M will assess the gustatory thresholds using filter paper disc method in which five concentrations of the substances will be used to test the four tastes: sweet, salty, sour and bitter and the concentrations of each taste shall be scored from disc number 1 (lowest) to number 5 (highest). - If the subject cannot detect the taste at the highest concentration, a score of 6 will be given. - The mean of three measurements for each test will be calculated. | during anticipated period of 7 months from February 2020 till August 2020 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Taste intensity at supra-threshold | - C.M will assess the taste intensity at supra-threshold level on a 9 point vertical labeled scale (extremely strong, very strong, strong, slightly strong, neutral, slightly weak, weak , very weak, extremely weak) in which subjects indicate the intensity perceived when tasting a substance | during anticipated period of 7months from February 2020 till August 2020 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Depressed Egyptian adults under anti-depressants therapy The patients will be recalled using their phone numbers recorded in their follow up records in order to come to the Diagnosis center at the faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University to be assessed for gustatory functions and will be given identification numbers and divided into three groups, to which the operator shall be blinded.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University | Cairo | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33747081 | Derived | Mikhail C, Elgaaly K, Abd El Latif Abd El Hamid A, Shaker O, Ali S. Gustatory Dysfunction among a Sample of Depressed Egyptian Adults under Antidepressants Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Dent. 2021 Mar 4;2021:5543840. doi: 10.1155/2021/5543840. eCollection 2021. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013651 | Taste Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| Gustatory dysfunction modulators | -C.M will use an assessment questionnaire (appendix) to assess possible modulators for developing gustatory dysfunction including a number of short-term and long-term factors such as body mass, gender, age, local and systemic diseases, excessive alcohol drinking, drug dependence, smoking, state of oral hygiene, consumption of some foods or drugs | during anticipated period of 7months from February 2020 till August 2020 |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |