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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of South Australia | OTHER |
| Salk Institute for Biological Studies | OTHER |
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This study will explore the effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on body weight and composition, glycaemic control, 24-hour glucose profiles, glucoregulatory hormones, and cardiovascular risk in men at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The investigators hypothesise that 8 weeks of TRF will reduce body weight, improve body composition, improve glycaemic control and blood lipid profiles. The potential mechanism will be explored in terms of the changes in gene expression patterns and multi-omics level (e.g., adipose tissue transcriptome, blood proteome).
Following a 2 week baseline monitoring phase (food intake by smartphone APP, activity by accelerometer, glucose by continuous glucose monitor), participants will attend the metabolic clinic for testing (visit 0). Body weight, body composition (by DEXA), and blood pressure will be assessed. Blood and adipose tissue samples will be collected over 24-hour period for assessment of glucose, insulin, glucoregulatory hormones, blood lipids and adipose tissue transcriptome. Glucose and insulin responses to a standardised breakfast will be measured. All food will be provided for 3 days prior to the metabolic visit. Following visit 0, participants will be instructed to eat only within a 10-hour time frame each day for 8 weeks. Participants may self-select the precise window that best suits their lifestyles, however any food and drink must be consumed at least 3 hours prior to their usual bedtime. 24-hour glucose profiles, activity and food intake will be measured again at week 6-8. At the end of the 8 weeks, participants will return for a follow-up metabolic visit, identical to that at visit 0, except foods are provided with the 10h time frame.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRF | Experimental | Participants will follow their regular diet for two weeks before 3-day lead-in food prior to the metabolic testing at visit 0. Participants will then be instructed to eat their habitual diet only within a 10-hour time frame each day for 8 weeks. Participants may self-select the precise window that best suits their lifestyles, however any food and drink must be consumed by 7:30pm. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRF | Behavioral | Participants will be instructed to consume their habitual diet within a self-selected 10 hour period every day. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemia | Change in postprandial glucose (iAUC) following a standard breakfast | 2.5 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin | Change in fasting and postprandial insulin following a standard breakfast. | 2.5 hours |
| HbA1c | Change in HbA1c | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hair follicle clock gene expression | Changes in the circadian pattern of clock gene expression in hair follicles. | 8 weeks |
| Resting metabolic rate | A subset of participants will be examined for the changes in resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Leonie Heilbronn, PhD | University of Adelaide | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Adelaide | Adelaide | South Australia | Australia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| Body weight | Change in body weight | 8 weeks |
| Body composition | Change in body fat mass and fat free mass | 8 weeks |
| Waist and hip circumference | Change in waist and hip circumference | 8 weeks |
| 24-hour glucose profile | Change in 24-hour glucose profiles assessed by continuous glucose monitoring | 8 weeks |
| Blood pressure | Changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure | 8 weeks |
| Blood lipids | changes in blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL- cholesterol and triglycerides) | 8 weeks |
| Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) | Change in non-essential fatty acid (NEFA) | 8 weeks |
| Plasma gastrointestinal (GI) hormones | Changes in concentration of fasting and postprandial GI hormones in plasma (ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, peptide YY) following a standard breakfast. | 8 weeks |
| Plasma cortisol | Changes in concentration of cortisol in hourly plasma samples assessed from 6am to 12pm. | 8 weeks |
| Plasma Melatonin | Changes in dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) assessed from 5pm to 3am | 8 weeks |
| Adipose tissue transcriptome | A subset will be measured for the change in the adipose tissue transcriptome in 6-hourly samples by RNA-sequencing. The data analysis including but not limited to the changes in numbers of genes oscillated in a diurnal manner, and pathway analysis. | 8 weeks |
| Evening glycaemia | An ancillary study will be performed to measure the changes in the concentration of plasma glucose, insulin and GI hormones (ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, peptide YY) following a standard evening meal. | 8 weeks |
| Physical activity and sleep | An ancillary study will measure the changes in sleep and physical activity monitored by a wrist actigraph for 14 days. | 8 weeks |
| Food intake and meal timing | An ancillary study will measure the changes in food intake and meal timing as recorded via a photography based smartphone App over 2 weeks. The analysis of the App data including but not limited to eating duration at baseline, changes in eating duration after intervention, calorie distribution throughout the day, meal frequency, meal intervals, and macronutrients intake. | 8 weeks |
| Continuous glucose monitoring | An ancillary study will measure the changes in glucose level by CGM for 14 days. Daily glucose patterns including free habitual diet, 3-day lead-in food will be measured separately. The analysis of the CGM data including but not limited to assess the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), continuous overall net glycaemic action (CONGA), mean glucose concentrations. | 8 weeks |
| Objective sleep | Changes in objective sleep status measured by laboratory polysomnography (PSG). | 8 weeks |
| 8 weeks |
| Metagenomics and metabolomics | Changes in metagenome and metabolome in a subset of participants will be assessed in faeces by shotgun metagenomics sequencing and metabolites analysis. The data analysis including but not limited to the function and composition of the gut microbiota, and faecal bile acids. | 8 weeks |
| Plasma proteome | Plasma proteome will be assessed by mass-spectrometry driven analysis. The data analysis including but not limited to the changes in numbers of proteins oscillated in a diurnal manner, and pathway analysis. | 8 weeks |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |