Two groups of subjects will be constitute: (i) patients with circumscribed brain injury (including stroke, vascular malformations, tumor or circumscribed infectious lesions) or degenerative/developmental disorders and selective cognitive disorders; (ii) healthy control subjects.

The objective of this project is to evaluate specific neuropsychological deficits and apply current brain imaging techniques (anatomical, diffusion, functional, magnetic stimulation) to patients suffering from these cognitive deficits due to brain damage, in order to elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying these deficits.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 17 years
• French language
• Effective contraception for women during the study
• Informed consent
• No alcohol intake the day before the exam
• For patients only, focal cerebral lesion (stroke, malformation, tumor, inflammatory, infectious, traumatic), neonatal pathology, developmental or degenerative disease with cognitive deficit

Exclusion Criteria:

• For healthy volunteers: previous neurological history (except non complicated migraine or epilepsy), previous psychiatric history (except depression with good evolution or anxiety), or severe cranial traumatism
• For patients: vigilance disorders, severe depression or anxiety.
• For both: psychotropic medication other than a hypnotic or an anxiolytic at low doses without dose modification for at least one month, severe visual or auditory impairment, patient without judicial or administrative liberty, measure of legal protection or no capable to express their consent, pregnancy or breastfeeding, contraindication for MRI or GVS if applicable, participation in another trial or former involvement in another trial within one month.