The goal of this research study is to determine if the utilization of brief motivational interviewing (BMI) during continuous care is superior compared to traditional oral hygiene instruction (OHI) to reduce patients' plaque score, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) longitudinal. An additional goal is to investigate chairside time of implementing BMI.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or Female
• ≥ 18 years old
• Periodontal maintenance phase (at least one year)
• Plaque score ≥30% (O'Leary plaque score)
• Minimum of two sites with BOP
• Willingness to fulfill all study requirements
• Patient of Record at the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current smoker or quit smoking less than one year
• Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or unsure of pregnancy status (self-reported)
• Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1C > 7)
• Medical conditions that may influence the outcome of the study (neurologic or psychiatric disorders, systemic infections, cancer, and/or HIV/AIDS)
• Current use of oral bisphosphonates
• History of IV bisphosphonates
• Require pre-medication or on long-term antibiotics
• Current orthodontic treatment or planning to begin orthodontic treatment during the study
• Unable to comply with the study protocol