The investigators intended to evaluate first success rate and learning curve of trainee anesthetists performing direct and videolaryngoscopy in pediatric airway management.

After obtaining written informed consent of 10 trainee anesthetists with non less than 24 months and not exceeding 60 months residency, use of the King Vision aBlade videolaryngoscope was demonstrated by presenting a 2 min instruction video. First endotracheal intubation by each trainee anesthetist was randomly allocated to either direct (DL) or King Vision aBlade videolaryngoscopy (KingVL). Then order of laryngoscopy type was alternating at least each trainee anesthetists performed 10 DL and 10 KingVL endotracheal intubations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ASA 1 to 2
• written informed consent from both legal guardians
• children who were scheduled for nonemergency surgery with requirement of endotracheal intubation

Exclusion Criteria:

• known or predicted difficult airway
• increased risk for pulmonary aspiration