the WISC-V assessment produces a Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) used for primary power consideration in this study. The FSIQ is the most comprehensive global ability score on the WISC-V, and it has been conventionally reported and interpreted as an estimation of overall intellectual ability

Used to assess verbal learning and memory in children and adolescents

Helps assess visual-motor skills in children and adults.

Measures dexterity

The Behavior Assessment System for Children/Parent Report is a questionnaire that assesses the social-emotional and behavioral functioning (e.g., anxiety, depression, attention, hyperactivity, adaptability, leadership, social skills, etc.) in children between the ages of 2 and 22 years, and is available in English and Spanish.

The primary outcome is based on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th edition (WISC-V) measured at follow up. The 5 primary index scores on the WISC-V (Verbal Comprehension, Visual Spatial, Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed) are based on 10 subtests and represent intellectual functioning in different cognitive areas. Similar to the FSIQ, the primary index scores are on a standard score metric with a mean of 100 (SD=15). The WISC-V consists of 16 subtests; each subtest is based on a scaled score metric with a mean of 10 and standard deviation (SD) of 3. Performance on these domain-specific subtests will be summarized and analyzed similarly to the FSIQ.