Participants remain seated in their habitual wheel chair for ~45 min (duration of exercise performed in other arms). Following the intervention they are fed.

Participants complete upper extremity resistance maneuvers (lifts) interspersed with low-load/high-speed arm cycling for a combined 30 repetitions of 6 lifts and ~20 min of arm cycling. During this time energy expenditure is measured via open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Following the intervention they are fed.

Participants complete continous arm cycling at a steady-state power output (intensity) matched to the energy expenditure (kcal/min) and duration of exercise (min) response during CRT. Following the intervention they are fed.

Participants complete interval arm cycling at power output that varies between 2 min "active" and two min "recovery" periods. This interval exercise is matched to the total energy expenditure (accumulated kcals) response during CRT. Following the intervention they are fed.

Seated rest

Measured by insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC).

Measured by "ISIMatsuada" insulin sensitivity index. This index is calculated based on the ratio of blood glucose and insulin.

Measured by blood concentrations of triglycerides.

Whole-body rates of carbohydrate oxidation, as determined by open-circuit indirect calorimetry.