The analysis of HIV resistance to antiretrovirals (Sanger sequencing on RNA) is difficult when the viral load is undetectable or during therapeutic breaks. In these situations, the ultra-deep sequencing (UDS) can be done on proviral DNA in order to improve characterization of archived resistant variants with may reflect past virological failures.

This study is a cross-sectional study which will require only one additional tube which can be taken during a routine check-up as part of the usual follow-up of the individuals included.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient who has given consent

• Adult patient

• Patient living with HIV-1

• Controlled viral load (<50 RNA copies/ml) for at least 1 year.

• At least two previous virologic failures, either :

  • Initial failure : defined as the persistence of a viral load greater than 50 copies/ml beyond 1 year, after the initiation of triple antiretroviral therapy, and without virological control (VL > 50 copies/ml) since the initiation of the very first antiretroviral treatment.
  • A rebound in HIV viral load to more than 50 copies/ml after a period of virological success, confirmed on two consecutive samples at least one month apart.

• At least 2 Sanger RNA genotypes have been done or could be done from the existing library.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient not affiliated to a medical insurance scheme
• Protected adult
• Pregnant, parturient or breastfeeding woman
• Discontinuation of clinical and immuno-virological follow-up for more than 2 years

Patients living with HIV-1, with an undetectable viral load and a history of at least 2 virological failures in which resistance to at least two drug classes was observed