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Participants will be chosen through an initial sensory test to find high and low-perceivers of astringency. Selected participants will drink a chocolate milk or milk substitute beverage for one week each with washout weeks in between. At the end of each week participants will taste and rate multiple beverages for their astringency and other sensory properties. Participants will provide saliva samples weekly for proteomic analysis and (potentially) analysis of polyphenols. Participants will also be asked to provide a 24 hour dietary recall once per week. Data will be analyzed to determine if there is a relationship between polyphenol exposure, astringency ratings, and salivary protein composition.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSG | Experimental | Participant receives bovine milk, then milk substitute, then milk substitute treated with gelatin |
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| BGS | Experimental | Participant receives bovine milk, then milk substitute with gelatin, then milk substitute |
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| SBG | Experimental | Participant receives milk substitute, then bovine milk, then milk substitute with gelatin. |
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| SGB | Experimental | Participant receives milk substitute, then milk substitute with gelatin, then bovine milk |
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| GSB | Experimental | Participant receives milk substitute with gelatin, then milk substitute, then bovine milk. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chocolate Milk | Other | Chocolate bovine milk will be consumed everyday for 1 week. Milks will be store-bought, with added sucrose and added cocoa powder. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Relative salivary proteins in saliva | Measure relative amounts of salivary proteins in participant saliva. | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subject Diets | Collect participant 24 hour dietary recalls to generate data on eating patterns and dietary choices. Analyze correlations with saliva and sensory ratings. Dietary data that will be analyzed include measures such as: fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake (and type of fat). 24 hour recalls will be assess using the ASHA online tool, which collects data on all foods eaten in the last 24 hours. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purdue University | West Lafayette | Indiana | 47907 | United States |
IPD will not be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D004408 | Dysgeusia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D013651 | Taste Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005780 | Gelatin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012596 | Scleroproteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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Participants will not know the specifics of each beverage they are taking home.
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| GBS | Experimental | Participant receives milk substitute with gelatin, then bovine milk, then milk substitute. |
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| Chocolate milk substitute | Other | Chocolate milk substitute will be consumed everyday for 1 week. Milks will be store-bought, with added sucrose and added cocoa powder. |
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| Chocolate milk substitute with gelatin | Other | Chocolate milk substitute with gelatin added will be consumed everyday for 1 week. Milks will be store-bought, with added sucrose and added cocoa powder. |
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| 8 months |
| Chocolate milk flavor ratings | Measure subjects ratings for astringency, bitterness, sweetness, and liking for chocolate milk. A generalized visual analog scale will be used, ranging from 0 ("None" for intensity and "Worst ever" for liking) to 100 ("Strongest ever" for intensity and "Best ever" for liking). | 8 months |
| Chocolate milk substitute flavor ratings | Measure subjects ratings for astringency, bitterness, sweetness, and liking for chocolate almond milk. A generalized visual analog scale will be used, ranging from 0 ("None" for intensity and "Worst ever" for liking) to 100 ("Strongest ever" for intensity and "Best ever" for liking). | 8 months |
| Chocolate milk substitute with gelatin flavor ratings | Measure subjects ratings for astringency, bitterness, sweetness, and liking for chocolate almond milk with added gelatin. A generalized visual analog scale will be used, ranging from 0 ("None" for intensity and "Worst ever" for liking) to 100 ("Strongest ever" for intensity and "Best ever" for liking). | 8 months |
| Polyphenol content in saliva samples | Measure polyphenol content in expectorated subject saliva samples. | 8 months |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |