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In this study the investigators will examine the effects of core stabilization exercises on respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions and postural control in hearing-impaired children.
Hearing organs develop together with the vestibular system and work with close cooperation. Because of this close neuro-anatomic relationship; cochlear, semicircular canal, or both may cause damage to the vestibular dysfunction, resulting in imbalance. Sensory impairment in children with hearing loss may lead to decreased muscle strength and respiratory function with balance and coordination disorders. Core stabilization is provided anatomically with abdominal muscles at the front, spinal and gluteal muscles at the back, diaphragm at the top and pelvic floor and hip muscles at the bottom. Core stabilization training is a training to increase the strength, endurance and neuromuscular control of the aforementioned muscles.
When the literature is checked, the invetigators find that postural control is being evaluated in children with hearing impairment, but there are few studies evaluating respiratory functions. However, they did not encounter a study in which respiratory muscle strength was assessed in these children. In this study the investigators will examine the effects of core stabilization exercises on respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions and postural control in hearing-impaired children.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | After recording the demographic and clinical information at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions and postural control evaluations will be performed to the children. They won't receive any intervention by this time. At the end of 8 weeks, they may be included in the 8-week physiotherapy program, which will be once a week and 45-60 minutes by supervision of physiotherapist and 4 days a week home exercise program. The program will include core stabilization exercise training. |
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| Training Group | Experimental | After recording the demographic and clinical information at the beginning of the study, respiratory muscle strength, respiratory functions and postural control evaluations will be performed to the children. They will be included in the 8-week physiotherapy program, which will be once a week and 45-60 minutes by supervision of physiotherapist and 4 days a week home exercise program. The program will include core stabilization exercise training. After the eight week training program the evaluations will be repeated. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Stabilization Exercises | Other | Jeffrey's core stabilization exercise training protocol will be performed to the training group. This protocol includes exercises progressing gradually from level 1 to level 3. Level 1; static contraction training on a stable surface, level 2; dynamic training on a stable surface, level 3; dynamic and resistant training on an unstable surface. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory muscle strength | Change from baseline maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory Functions-FVC | Change from baseline Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Respiratory Functions-FEV1 | Change from baseline Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) at 8 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bezmialem Vakif University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37784232 | Derived | Tuncer D, Gurses HN. The Effects of Core Stabilization Exercises on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Respiratory Functions, and Postural Control in Children With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ear Hear. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;45(2):306-315. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001428. Epub 2023 Oct 3. |
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| No Intervention | Other | Since no training is given to the control group during the study period, it is ethically necessary to give the same training to the control group if the benefit is achieved when the study is completed. |
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| Eight weeks |
| Respiratory Functions-PEF | Change from baseline Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Postural control-postural stability | Change from baseline postural stability test score in Biodex Balance System at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Postural control-limits of stability | Change from baseline limits of stability test score in Biodex Balance System at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Postural control-sensory integration | Change from baseline sensory integration and balance test core in Biodex Balance System at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |
| Postural control-BESS | Change from baseline Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test scores at 8 weeks | Eight weeks |