Subjects will be admitted to hospital the evening prior, or the morning of surgery, whereupon they will undergo standard admission processes, including pre-operative assessment by the anaesthetist assigned to that list (One of the two study authors). The anaesthetist will then explain the study again, reiterating the potential risks and benefits of the study to the patient themselves, and to the population as a whole. Consent will be sought at this point.

Patients will be transferred to theatre, anaesthetised and operated on as per normal practice. Inclusive of this, in accordance with NICE guidelines, patients will have a nasal or oesophageal Doppler probe inserted to accurately measure core temperature. At this point, patients enrolled in the study will have temperature measurements taken every minute from the oesophageal probe and non-contact thermometers.

If the patients requested it previously, they will be informed of the results of the study at a later date.

Statistics will then be carried out on the data to compare accuracy of the two novel methods to the oesophageal probe.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants will be patients undergoing elective gynaecological, vascular or urological surgery at the Royal Sussex County Hospital, and as such will be seen at a pre-operative assessment clinic as part of their normal work up for theatre.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Lacking mental capacity Not speaking English Malignancy in medical history Undergoing open abdominal surgery

Participants will be patients undergoing elective gynaecological, vascular or urological surgery at the Royal Sussex County Hospital, and as such will be seen at a pre-operative assesment clinic as part of their normal work up for theatre

Data will be anonymised and analysed later.