Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine (ACH) was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 micrograms/minute (ug/min) each for 6 minutes per infusion. FBF ratio was defined as the ratio of a participant's treatment (infused) arm value divided by the non-treatment (non-infused) arm value. The overall ratio was determined by taking the participant's Day 42 FBF ratio and dividing by the Day 1 FBF ratio.

Pharmacodynamic Per-Protocol (PDPP) population included all randomized participants who provided pharmacodynamic (PD) data at Day 1 and Day 42. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF from Day 1 to Day 42 in response to acetylcholine is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to acetylcholine.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. FBF ratio was defined as the ratio of a participant's treatment (infused) arm value divided by the non-treatment (non-infused) arm value. The overall ratio was determined by taking the participant's Day 42 FBF ratio and dividing by the Day 1 FBF ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF from Day 1 to Day 42 in response to sodium nitroprusside is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to sodium nitroprusside.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 micromoles per minute (umol/min) each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. FBF ratio was defined as the ratio of a participant's treatment (infused) arm value divided by the non-treatment (non-infused) arm value. The overall ratio was determined by taking the participant's Day 42 FBF ratio and dividing by the Day 1 FBF ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 umol/min each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF from Day 1 to Day 42 in response to L-NMMA is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to L-NMMA.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 umol/min each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 umol/min each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. The Day 42 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 42 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 42 non-treatment (control) arm value. The Day 1 ratio was calculated by taking the participants Day 1 treatment (infused) arm and dividing by the Day 1 non-treatment (control) arm value. Change in FBF ratio from Day 1 to Day 42 was determined by taking the participants Day 42 ratio and dividing by the Day 1 ratio.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to acetylcholine in participants treated with daprodustat.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to sodium nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to sodium nitroprusside in participants treated with daprodustat.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 umol/min each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to L-NMMA in participants treated with daprodustat.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Acetylcholine was infused intra-arterially at 7.5, 15 and 30 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to acetylcholine at Day 42 vs Day1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to acetylcholine in participants treated with darbepoetin alfa.

PDPP Population

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Sodium nitroprusside was infused at 3 and 10 ug/min each for 6 minutes per infusion into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to sodium nitroprusside at Day 42 vs Day 1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to sodium nitroprusside in participants treated with darbepoetin alfa.

PDPP Population

Venous occlusion plethysmography was used for FBF assessment. Effects on basal nitric oxide synthesis was assessed using L-NMMA at doses of 2 and 8 umol/min each infused for 6 minutes into the brachial artery of the test arm. Measures were made in both arms concurrently. Change in the absolute FBF in response to L-NMMA at Day 42 vs Day 1 is the difference between absolute value of FBF in infused arm on Day 1 and Day 42 in response to L-NMMA in participants treated with darbepoetin alfa.

PDPP Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed.

Pulse wave analysis (PWA) is a reproducible, noninvasive method for assessing AIx (a measure of the contribution that wave reflection makes to the arterial pressure waveform). The amplitude and timing of the reflected wave ultimately depends on the stiffness of the small (pre-resistance) vessels and large arteries, and thus, AIx provides a measure of systemic arterial stiffness. A high-fidelity micro manometer was used to obtain accurate readings of the peripheral pressure waveforms by flattening, but not occluding, the radial artery of the dominant arm using gentle pressure. AIx was defined as the augmentation (difference between systolic peaks) expressed as a percentage of the overall pulse pressure. Data for change in AIx from Day 1 to 42 was presented.

PDPP Population

PWV was assessed with a high-fidelity micro manometer which was used to obtain accurate readings of the peripheral pressure waveforms by flattening, but not occluding, the carotid and femoral arteries as the two points of measure. Data for change in PWV from Day 1 to 42 was presented.

PDPP Population

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participants, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability, is a congenital anomaly/birth effect.

Safety Population includes all randomised participants who received at least one dose of study treatment.

AESIs were identified based on non-clinical studies with daprodustat, clinical experience with recombinant human erythropoietins (rhEPOs), and current information regarding hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-regulated pathways in mediating hypoxia-associated pathophysiology. The AESIs for daprodustat were identified as follows: Thrombosis and/or tissue ischemia secondary to excessive erythropoiesis; Death, MI, stroke, heart failure, thromboembolic events, thrombosis of vascular access; Cardiomyopathy; Pulmonary artery hypertension; Cancer-related mortality and tumor progression and recurrence Esophageal and gastric erosions; Proliferative retinopathy, macular edema, choroidal neovascularization; Exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis and Worsening of hypertension.

Safety Population

Number of participants who discontinued the randomized study treatment were assessed.

Safety Population

DBP and SBP were measured in a semi-supine position with a completely automated device preceded by at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

DBP and SBP were measured in a semi-supine position with a completely automated device preceded by at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Full 12-lead ECG were recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position to measure heart rate.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Full 12-lead ECG were recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position to measure heart rate. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Full 12-lead ECGs were recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position to measure PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval and QTcB, calculated (machine read or manually).

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Full 12-lead ECGs were recorded with the participant in a semi-supine position to measure PR interval, QRS duration, QT (uncorrected) interval and QTcB, calculated (machine read or manually). Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including platelet count, leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including platelet count, WBC count (Absolute), basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including RBC count and RC.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including RBC count and RC. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including hemoglobin and MCHC.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including hemoglobin and MCHC. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including hematocrit.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including hematocrit. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including RDW.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including RDW. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including MCH.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including MCH. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including MCV.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples were collected for the analysis of hematology parameters including MCV. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; sodium, potassium, carbon-dioxide (total), chloride, glucose and urea.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; sodium, potassium, carbon-dioxide (total), chloride, glucose and urea. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; creatinine.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; creatinine. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; bilirubin (direct/indirect and total).

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; creatinine and bilirubin (direct/indirect and total). Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; ALT, ALP and AST.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; ALT, ALP and AST. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; Albumin.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).

Blood samples will be collected for the analysis of clinical chemistry parameters including; Albumin. Baseline value (Day 1) is the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits. Change from Baseline is defined as post-dose visit value minus Baseline value.

Safety Population. Only those participants with data available at the specified data points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles).